Juvenile Pacific Salmon Research Paper

The subjects presented in chapters1-3 in the Policy Analysis book are The Canadian Salmon Fishery, What is policy Analysis and Toward Professional Ethics. The Canadian Salmon Fishery preview is in chapter one. The chapter talks about how the product of policy analysis is advice. How the advice for policy comes in many forms. “The purpose is to show a comprehensive analysis that has a description and analysis of the problem, specific policy alternatives, an assessment of the alternatives, and policy recommendation” (Weimer, Vining pg.1). One of the stories in this chapter discuss, the Salmon fishery of British Columbia and the challenges it had. The study that was conducted showed the fishery as of now represents net drain on the wealth of Canadians. This was the case for several years in spite of the reforms that was done in 1995 and 2001.

• Briefly describe the current theories regarding marine animals using the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation and list at least one animal that theoretically uses this method. Do you feel the theories regarding marine animals’ use of the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation are accurate? Why do you feel this way? How could this ability benefit humans?

An endangered species is a species of either plant or animal that is in serious risk of becoming extinct. This name became connected with the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in 1994 after being petitioned to be put on the list for nine years (NOAA). There are two main reasons behind the endangerment of the Chinook salmon: over exploration, and dams. Since the times of the Native Americans, Chinook salmon have been highly sought after as a food source. Since then the salmon have experienced great amounts of overfishing. Along with water demands which has resulted in overuse of water and diversion of water had affected spawning sites and loss of habitat putting further strain on their habitats (National Wildlife Federation).

For my community engagement I choose to volunteer at the SPCA here is Salmon Arm. I am still continuing to volunteer and hope to for the rest of the two years I am in Salmon Arm. It has been a really awesome experience, and I have learnt a lot from spending time there. So many animals are mistreat, seen as disposable, and forgotten which lands them in the shelter. Most of these animals are so sweet and just want some love but their families no longer want them. There are so many sick people in this world that treat innocent animals with such cruelty; it is honestly one of the most heart breaking things I have seen. It makes me think about all the horrible things that happen daily in this world, either to animals or people. That has pushed me

In the article “Changes at Snake River dams helping Idaho sockeye salmon” it states that “an unusual combination of low water and an extended heat wave pushed water temperatures past 70 degrees, lethal for cold-water sockeye.” I have a very strong connection to fishing and I hate it when fish die for no good reason or because of a manmade structure. A report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said “One of the factors contributing to the deaths of sockeye salmon was “fallback,” a tendency of fish to successfully climb a dam’s fish ladder but then, running into warm water, decide to go back downstream, often via a dam’s spillway or through the turbines.” This reminds me of the time I was fishing near a small dam and caught

The California State Fish: the magnificent golden trout. It flawlessly glides through the water, its golden underbelly and blue-green back cloaking its body, making it one with the water. Appointed in 1947, the golden trout, or Oncorhynchus Mykiss Agua Bonita, are native to California, having populated only a handful of icy streams in the Sierra. However, this concoction of color is threatened, and every year, their population lessens.

At New Melones Reservoir, despite the continuing snow melt, the water level dropped another foot last week. The water clarity is good and the temperature is slowly coming up, now averaging 76 to 81-degrees. Trout are showing signs of schooling over deep water and feeding on shad minnows. Trollers have been finding trout at 40 to 60 feet with Speedy Shiners, Needlefish, and ExCel lures. Night fishermen have been doing well by anchoring over fairly deep water and lowering their light to about 20 feet. This attracts plankton, which in turn, attracts shad, which will attract larger fish. Live minnows and nightcrawlers are choice baits. The kokanee numbers may be down, but the quality is good with some going 15 to 18 inches. Bladed lures may work well in deeper water as they create vibration which will attract fish. Scented corn on each hook is important. Big trout winner at Glory Hole Sports was, again, Bob James, of Murphys, with a 2-pound rainbow caught at 55 feet in the main lake. Big catfish winner was John Tennant, of Twain Harte, with an 11-pound, 15-ounce fish caught with sardine bait in the main lake. Bass fishing is good for those who specialize in that type of fishing. Hayden Lee, of Angels Camp, recently caught a 10 pound Largemouth Bass on a topwater lure and he had no net in the boat. He and a friend were able to boat the fish for photos before release.

The biggest attraction of British Columbia to me, is the wide variety of wildlife that is present. First of all, moose are one of the province’s most popular large mammals in British Columbia. The moose is the largest member of the deer family. They may weigh up to 1,300 pounds and stand seven feet tall. An interesting thing about moose is that their body types differ from the regions they live in (“Moose”). Another amazing animal of British Columbia is the Pacific salmon. Salmon is the traditional sportfish of the province. Just a few of the many species of Pacific salmon include the King, Coho, and Sockeye. Adult salmon may travel up to an astonishing 2,000 miles to spawn. Some specific salmon species use the Earth’s magnetic field to find

When rainbow trout breed the female digs a deep red which is a nest by laying on her side and flapping her tail to loosen up gravel, then she releases eggs which mix with the male’s milt (sperm) and both go into the red. Then the female fills the nest in. After the alevins (larvae) hatch they stay in the nest and absorb the sac that they were in, they now look like tadpoles but in two months they become fry which are young fish and leave the nest to feed. Rainbow trout breed around the age of two. Females can produce a maximum of 2000 eggs for every kilogram of body

Introduction: The Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the family Salmonidae and are a char native to Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Montana and western Canada. Compared to other salmonids, bull trout have more specific habitat requirements that appear to influence their distribution and abundance (USFWS, 2015). Bull trout were historically regarded as pests due to their voracious predatory behavior. It was thought that bull trout depleted populations of “more desirable” game fish by feeding on them when they were very small thus supposedly depleting the numbers. In fact at one point there was a bounty placed on bull trout tails in Canada to encourage fisherman to rid the waters of this “Bully,” which effectively eliminated them from certain watersheds (Donald, D. B., and D. J. Alger. 1993). At one time in the early 1900’s the Bull Trout thrived in the waterways of the Northwest. The Upper Snake Recovery Unit for the Bull trout occurs within central Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon. Major drainages include: the Salmon River, Malheur River,

Salmon are both an indicator and keystone species to the survival of ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest. A healthy salmon species implies healthy waterways with little pollution, and an abundance of native plants and animals, as well as thriving estuaries that effectively filter pollutants. Salmon are a vital food source for predators, and carry key nutrients to plants surrounding the rivers and lakes where they spawn. Along with environmental stability, a healthy salmon population contributes to a multi-million dollar industry of thousands of workers along the Pacific

Rainbow, Brown and Brook Trout. Those are the 3 species of trout in the southern Appalachians. Brook trout are native to the Georgia Appalachians, while rainbow and brown trout are not. Rainbow trout came from California and were introduced to the Georgian Appalachian around 1875. They have populated Georgia well and have sustained a great habitat. Brown trout actually came from overseas, Europe. They came to the Americas and have found a home in Georgia. The brook trout usually has a light colored underbelly with a brown speckled body. The rainbow trout lives up to its name, it has a colorful body and white body. The brown trout are you guessed it brown, with a yellow underbelly.

I've always been enamored by the ocean. Growing up in the puget sound, I've been exposed at an early age going to places like the Pacific Science Center and the aquarium to find wonder in the animals and the habitats that they live in. I always remember consistently going to the tide pools that were offered at exhibits. Even though at a young age I was too scared to actually touch a lot of the animals, I was fascinated how they were able to be living in such a small area and thrive off each other. More specifically, The starfish caught my attention because of how uniqueThey are: shape, size, texture, and ability to regenerate is pretty cool. This interest grew as I went to beaches from the West Coast and even in Hawaii when I spent hours looking

Trout fishing, one of the most common types of fishing today, has a wide array of strategies and equipment tailored to it. Trout Fishing in America, though simple, does not lack depth. Cutthroat trout fishing is a western angler favorite on big, fast-moving waters. After all, it is just trout fishing and I live in the heart of some of the finest trout waters on the planet. While, trout fishing during the summer and early fall can provide some very exciting and rewarding angling experiences, anglers should exercise caution when landing and handling trout. Rainbow trout are probably the most common and easiest to catch of all trout in North America.

In the California Central Valley, fall‐run juvenile Chinook salmon rear typically from January to June. However, in some years, the rearing period may be reduced due to high water temperatures in April. Growth and survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon are affected by water temperature and cover (e.g., substrate pore spaces, gravel interstices, boulders, snags, over‐hanging vegetation, root wads, under‐cut banks, and macrophytes). Cover is important for protection from predation, flow displacement, water temperature stress, and the fish caloric intake optimization. Human-induced sources of stress to the riverine ecosystems include: “(1) overfishing (i.e., extracting larger quantities of fish than the system can sustain naturally); (2) nutrient