Juvenile Periodontitis

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Schmidt, S. W., Shelley, M. C., Bardes, B. A., Maxwell, W. E., Crain, E., & Santos, A. (2010).

Smith, R. J., Kilaru, A. S., Perrone, J., Paciotti, B., Barg, F. K., Gadsden, S. M., & Meisel, Z. F.

Beitler, J. R., Guérin, C., Ayzac, L., Mancebo, J., Bates, D. M., Malhotra, A., & Talmor, D.

van Krieken, R., Habibis, D., Smith, P., Hutchins, B., Martin, G. & Maton, K. (2006).

Blanchard, J., Madden, J. M., Ross-Degnan, D., Gresenz, C. R., & Soumerai, S. B. (2013). The

Pittiruti, M., Bertollo, D., Briglia, E., Buononato, M., Capozzoli, G., De Simone, L., et al. (2012). The

J., Courtens, A. M., Zwakhalen, S. G., van Kleef, M., & de Witte, L. P. (2015).

Periodontal disease, which is an infection of the tissue that surrounds the teeth, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Those who had periodontal disease were two times more likely to suffer from coronary artery disease, one study has found. Good oral hygiene can prevent periodontal disease from occurring.

The Effects of Full Mouth Disinfection on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Periodontitis study identified the problem of the high periodontal disease prevalence amongst individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The researchers found periodontal prevalence rates to be generally higher in diabetics than in those free of the systemic disease (as cited Srirangarajan, Setty, Satvanaravan, & Shetty S, 2016).

Gingivitis and periodontitis are among the most common infectious diseases in human beings which results in bone loss, tooth loosening and eventually tooth loss. Although periodontopathic bacteria are the primary etiological agents in periodontal disease, the ultimate determinant of disease progression and clinical outcome is the host's immune response(1). Lymphocyte blastogenesis studies of peripheral blood from patients with periodontal disease also suggested the involvement of cell-mediated immunity(2). The inflammatory response in children is different from that of adults. The most prevalent type of gingival disease in childhood is chronic marginal gingivitis which is characterized by an infiltrate consisting mostly of T lymphocytes and

Based on our clinical findings and the patient’s complaint, I believe the patient has symptomatic apical periodontitis. The likely anatomical structures affected are the pulp of #31 (needing root canal therapy), the periodontium surrounding #31, possible involvement of the gingiva surrounding #30 (tooth directly anterior to #31). Depending on the path the infection has taken, it could have caused bone resorption and the infection could be cause nerve pain if allowed to progress. Infectious material courses through the path of least resistance, so it likely would have traveled from the apex of #31 into the surrounding gingiva, and up through the sulcus. The infection could also spread into the vestibule or floor of the mouth causing swelling

Schultz, A., Koch, S., Fuss, M., Mazzotta, A. S., Sarzotti-Kelsoe, M., Ozaki, D. A., et al. (2012).

Bagby, G. J., Amedee, A. M., Siggins, R. W., Molina, P. E., Nelson, S., & Veazey, R. S. (2015).

Aggressive periodontitis is a rapidly progressing disease which affects the otherwise systemically healthy individuals. It is characterized by a marked episodic and rapid destruction of periodontal tissues that results in early tooth loss. It is a challenge for the periodontists to treat this disease as there are no established protocols and guidelines for the efficient control of the disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) or Laser assisted pocket therapy could become new methods of antibacterial treatment and may be used as adjunct to conventional therapy for treating aggressive periodontitis. The study aims at finding a treatment modality that will be free of side-effects of currently used modalities for the treatment of aggressive periodontitis