Kadare's Portrayal Of The Kanun In Broken April?

Hosseini makes it very apparent that honour is extremely important to people in the Afghan culture and what others think of them means a lot. An Afghan would do anything to keep their honour, even if it means they are unhappy. In both novels, Hosseini shows a number of examples of dishonour and the negative impacts it can have to an individual’s well-being. According to the Honour Based Violence Network, In Afghanistan, ‘honour’ crimes remain very high along with many other forms of violence against women, and are increasing as attitudes fail to keep pace with economic and social changes.

Leah stopped once she reached the town square with her hands on her knees gasping for air. Once she caught her breath, she stood upright and only to meet with the sickening vision before her eyes. She could feel bile building up inside her as she saw the piles of dead naked bodies mounded over one another on the once spotless floor of the square. Some were so badly burnt that their faces were barely recognizable as their flesh melted from the fire. Not far from the pile of rotting corpses, there were a stack of the dead villagers’ clothes along with other valuables. Small knives and swords and whatever weapons the bandits laid their hands on were neatly stacked together. She heard a twig snap behind her and without a moment to lose, she quickly hid herself underneath a wagon close to her. Not too long after, her ears pricked over the voices of men.

In the story “The Lottery”, by Shirley Jackson, and in the articles it is shown that throughout the world pointless violence is practiced and will not change unless it is challenged. In the article “Accusation of Adultery”, by Jethro Mullen and Masoud Popalzai we are told the true story of how a taliban leader ordered for a woman to be stoned to death after she fled a forced marriage with another man; “,the couple were caught after two days and the taliban leader of the village ordered that Rokhshana to be stone to death…”(Mullen,Popalzai).Around the world pointless violence is still going on.This will not change unless we challenge this act of pointless violence. Acts of unjustified violence can

      These mythological elements are thoroughly enmeshed within the structure of the poem; the image of fire springs up several times, the figure of death roams the City, and the general notion of the City as a terrible prison or place of horror is consistently conveyed.  Therefore, we can use the poem's mythological basis as a springboard into several different readings of it.

Hosseni shows a new perspective on violence as during the times war in Afghanistan during the Taliban take over of Kabul 1996 as men thought it negates decency and therefore they can do bad things such as rape people. The commonly held view that Hazaras’s should not be respected due to their race has lead to many discriminating acts followed by a major class divide in society. For a Afghan man such as Baba to share a child with a Hazara women would only bring shame to the family honour he has built up, thus it was kept a secrete from Amir. Hossieni has mainly expressed these ideas through Imagery, symbolic association with particular objects and the characterisation of major characters. He has also used the time frame of 1973-2001 during Afghanistan’s most eventful and corrupt years in the way of which monarchies where overruled and then taken over by the Taliban effecting the generally held views in afghan society.

The priests, or juju-men, are obliged at certain periods to eat human flesh, and slaves are captured and sacrificed for that purpose; but perhaps the most barbarous practice of any is that which takes place on the death of a chief. According to custom his wives, as well as a number of slaves, were placed alive in the grave of the chief, their wrists and ankles having been broken so they could not escape from their awful lingering

2016). The traditional views surrounding rape during war have long since lost their meaning, and the logical and accurate direction of the current discourse surrounding rape as a systematic weapon of war holds more sway among theorists today. It is rape’s ability to physically and mentally destroy an individual, without killing them that allows for it highly effective nature as a form of combat. When one single act has the ability to destroy gender roles, inflict serious damage upon the masculinity of a nation of men, and use reproduction to attempt to eradicate a particular ethnic group from existence, it is surely to be viewed as a worthwhile strategy to adapt during times of conflict, in order to win and dominant the opposing group in the most efficient, horrific and scarring means possible. Yugoslavia is not the only region of the world to experience the consequences of rape as a weapon of war, and with many incidents across history all displaying similar characteristics and ulterior motives of rape, it is impossible to deny its systematic nature in war. Rape during war is not just an attack on a woman in times of anarchy, it is a strategic approach to attacking all aspects of the nation and army that identifies with that woman; be it the religion, ethnicity, men, nation or culture, creating long lasting and severe consequences for all (Snyder, C.S.,

Our text uses an honor killing example to further oppose and question cultural relativism. Duran Halitogullari was a rape victim and as a result, her father felt that she, “ had dishonored their family by having been raped. He then exercised what he regarded as his rightful authority…..Such “honor killings” usually go unpunished. That’s because the cultures in which they are committed often regard them as justified. In such cultures, a family’s honor is often dependent on the “purity” of its women. ” (294) This honor killing represented a threat to their pride, dignity, and community standing and deemed unacceptable challenge to their position and thus Duran Halitogullari was killed. Shader-Landau then asks “If morality is in the eye of the beholder, then everyone is seeing things equally well.“

An “honor killing” is an epitomized murder committed against a woman for actual or perceived “immoral” behavior that is deemed to have breached the ‘honor code’ of a household or community. It is the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family name or societal standard. These so-called ‘’honor codes’’ are the product of condoning deep-seated patriarchal societal and ethnic injustices, where women are compelled to assume all responsibility for upholding the morality of an entire culture. It is the most extreme case of gender-based violence. Honor killings are the ultimate sanction against women who are deemed to have offended the collective morality of a group. Typical behaviors or suspicion of actions

The cultural interpretation explains that honor killings are “qualitatively different from other kinds of murders because it is governed by ‘the specific logic of an honour culture’”. Honor killings are acceptable because they are part of a culture and support ethical agendas. For example, in Turkey, “namus” represents sexual honor which overshadows women’s physical and moral qualities. Women are expected to protect their “namus” for their whole life. Male kin also have a duty to watch over women and punish them if they deviate.

One of the first situations she learned about was two sisters who were murdered by their brother. The two sisters were rumored to have been killed because of their large inheritance, while others believed it was because one got married to a man without the family's knowledge. Because of Article 98 and his mother dropping the charges, he had a ridiculously short jail sentence for the crime he committed. Article 98 states “...that any person who commits a crime in a fit of fury caused by an unlawful or dangerous act on the part of the victim benefits from a reduction in penalty” (The Jordan Times). Most of the time, family murderers will receive a reduction in sentence because the charges are dropped, usually because the third member helped to plan the killing or at least gave approval. As a result, the average sentence for these types of killings are about 10-20 years. These crimes can be committed for different reasons, even just out of suspicion. Thousands of women are killed based on rumors, lies, and suspicions just so the family honor can be preserved. Some women are killed after being raped because they are “no longer intact” (Husseini 101), making them impure and destroying the family honor. Another horrific article, Article 308 (not talked about in Husseini’s book), “allows

Even though Turkey has made great headway economically, it has seriously lagged behind in bridging the gender gap. Women are in greater danger from men they know, rather than from the men they don’t know. Turkey’s legal system cannot be supportive of such heinous crimes anymore. These crimes are only happening because the law enforcement agencies take little or no legal action against the perpetrators and the courts take a lackadaisical approach. In a nutshell, the law in Turkey treats honor as a form of social currency and property. As such, by condoning violent crimes committed by men who pursue lost honor through honor killings, the courts are perpetuating the crime. The most critical issue in this debate is the reaffirmation by the legal system that such behavior on the part of the male relatives is not honorable but cowardly. As such, it is imperative that there is zero tolerance for honor

Violence, in general, is known to be severe and cruel, and language dictionaries meet as a harsher expression aimed at reform and deterrence, violence against compassion, violence in a harsh sense, violence and its cruelty, and a severe denial of its action in order to change, reform and deter. And the intensity without tenderness and softness. The concept of violence in terms of terminology is consistent with what the term is defined in the language, and it has been shown to show the accompanying situation and diversity, as it is the strongest statement, the extreme action, the strong opinion, it is the extract of the words, deeds, and conditions, and the show of severity and cruelty in it, and from different types and manifestations such as violence. Any behavior that leads to our aims at home, and may result in the physical, psychological, or verbal abuse of others, or mockery, or the imposition of an opinion. The novel addresses the political stages of Afghanistan through listed for the life story of two friends, Amir and Hassan, Amir skilled in the game

Honor becomes an obsession and “a biased scale both men and women use to judge all women.” The problem with honor killings has to do with “domination, power and hatred of women”. They are seen as servants to the family-physically and sexually.

Honour killing is a poem written by Imtiaz Dharker which depicts the struggles of women within countries in the middle-east that oppress women whether it be verbally or physically, and Dharker being a Pakistani woman expressed her views through this piece of work. An honour killing is the act of taking someone’s life who has disrespected themselves and their family, an example of this is a Pakistani woman who was shot by her family because she wanted to divorce the man she was with. The true difference between a western culture and a middle eastern culture can be shown in the fact that the Pakistani senate refused to condemn what happened to this woman and deemed it an honour killing. The poem is an outcry for freedom for woman who are being oppressed and kept down by cultural ideas within the countries which commit these acts.