Kamala Das Poetry Summary

Women in India were unaware of their miserable condition. It is in the post independence period the women’s quest for identity of her own commenced. The 20th century saw the shift from outer to inner sensibilities and no one can better understand a man or woman better a feminine writer. In modern English fiction a number of women novelists have arrived on the literary scene, they have set out making new forays in to the world of women. Nayantara Sahgal being a feminist writer has emphasized in her novels on freedom and a new definition of the New Women. Sahgal’s heroines are well aware of the injustice done to them in their marriage and they come out of this traditional bond.

Shashi Deshpande is one of the famous contemporary Indian novelists in English. She writes about the conflict between tradition and modernity in relation to women in middle class society. Shashi Deshpande’s novel deals with the theme of the quest for a female identity. The complexities of man-woman relationship especially in the context of marriage, the trauma of a disturbed adolescence. The Indian woman has for years been a silent sufferer. While she has played different roles-as a wife, mother, sister and daughter, she has never been able to claim her own individuality. Shashi Deshpande has emerged as a writer possessing deep insight into the female psyche. Focusing on the marital relation she seeks to expose the tradition

Compared to my other texts, which seem a lot more aggressive and controversial than this poem, Naheed’s poem is quite ‘tame’ for feminist poetry. However, at the time, after the partition of Pakistan and India, in an extremely militaristic male orientated society, Naheet was well known for her feminist critiques, and they were considered to be very contemporary and contentious. Even now, her discussion of breaking away from the male model of what a woman should be is extremely relevant; “For the wall which has been razed / don’t now insist on raising it again.” Naheed’s argument for a woman’s right to agency and equal opportunities throughout all of her writing has classed her as a feminist poet, though at the time she did not call herself a feminist in 1990’s Pakistan. Her use of plural first person narrative form connects this more classical poem with my other texts, just like women are connected through this sense of

Feminine longings can be considered as a recurrent theme in the writings of Rokheya Sakhawat Hossain and Kamala Das. The critical analysis of both these writers may remain incomplete without mentioning the feminine longings within their text. Rokheya Sakhawat Hossain and Kamala Das were two distinguished authors. They were representing two generations almost a century apart. Rokheya Sakhawat Hossain was born in 1880 where as Kamala Das was born in 1934.Rokheya belongs to the northern part of India, precisely colonized Bengal. Kamala Das hails from the South, precisely from the Southern Malabar in Kerala. The place Calcutta has much significance in the writing

Shashi Deshpande ranks high in the list of top Indian authors. She is the most popular Indian Woman writer in English. It is a fact that woman is mistreated and vanquished by the male community everywhere. She has been the subordinate monopolization and has to conform to male standards. In most of her novels, Shashi Deshpande has focused on the suppression of women in Indian society. She draws our attention to women’s exploitation, discrimination and commodification.She fairly rejects the system where there is no revolt of the women against the society and its norms which underrate women. Shashi Deshpande has dealt with 'women-issues', of how they are being treated and what the women actually want.

The literature around the world has different types of authors and each one of them with his own writing style. The period where they live affects their style because the writers are exposed to different circumstances and factors. The arrival of the Islamic religion influenced the Indian poetry. This changed the way how they thought and expressed through poetry, and according to K. S. Ram “The two important factors in the world of Kabir [post Islamic poet] (XV century) were: one, the change of the Vedantic religion dry, abstract intellectualism; and two, the fights between Hindus and Muslims had become a sad fact of everyday life.”. This essay will be focused on a comparison and contrast about the Indian poetry before and after the Islam.

Thus, to give voice to the suffocated psyche and suppressed desire of woman and lay bare ambitions and frustrations and soothe the aches and pains has been primary focus in Deshpande’s writing. Her works show that compromise is what characterizes the life of the common run of the middle-class women in India. Unable to defy social conventions or traditional morality,

Abstract: Stream of Consciousness technique is not a new term as per as Indian literature is concerned. But in recent times it is used strictly to promote inner ideas of a protagonist, antagonist of the novelist. It is a method to give a self analysis and interpretation o f the character. The portrayal of the character strikes reality of life, frankness, explicit description of sexuality and above all fulfilling her desire to the deepest depths. Namita’s “Paro: Dreams of Passions” created havoc in the history of Indian Writing in English and set an identical genre of its own. The novel deals with erotic overtures, and obsession of love. It is the story of irrestible, outrageous woman with the same name.

Unlike other women novelists, Anita Desai concentrates on the exploration of sensibility, that too feminine sensibility by probing deep into the inner life of a woman. Desai reigns supreme in her fictional world by focusing attention towards “the quest inward” and concentrating on the still grimmer and more harrowing presentation of Indian life. In fact all her characters are sensitive, solitary and hyper- introspective. Her fiction balances itself delicately on the fringes between things and awareness of things, between chaos and order of mind. Her primary interest lies in exploring the disturbed depths of the female psyche. . The most prominent feature of her fiction is her mode of individualizing the character. She is preoccupied primarily with the portrayal of women protagonists as living in a

Previously women did not give much importance to their personal existence. They were living for the family and children. With modernization and the well informed world that we lived in bring a sea changes in the minds of women in Manipur. They started voicing out their feeling and do not want to be at the back stage anymore. They are today generation women and know the best for themselves. The verses which were discussed in the earlier part of article ranges from the earlier generation of writers who were romantic and trying to run away from reality. Poet like Memchoubi strongly believes in equal treatment strong influence of western feminism. And with activist like Sharmila there is a universal voice of standing up for their fellow being for the cause of humanity. The lines are simple so the any ordinary reader can associate with. Comparatively there are many women writers now. And each of them is contributing in shaping up the legacy of women tradition in Manipuri

NayantaraSahgal is one of the distinguished Indo English writers who write in the stream & national consciousness. She is a prolific writer and her literary canon consists of nine novels, two autobiographies and some non- fictional works. In fact, NayantaraSahgal has introduced a considerable number of autobiographical elements in her novels. For a question, she asserts that ‘all art is autobiographical’ (Women’s Space The Mosaic World Of Margaret Drabble AndNayantaraSahgal, 27).Her work ranges from factual and emotional autobiography to fictionalized autobiography.

The paper, titled ‘Revelation of Psychic Wholeness in Shobha De’s Sultry Days’ discusses the powerful site of rebellion and self- assertion in Shobha De’s Sultry Days(1994). The protagonist Nisha is transformed from the ingénue of submissive woman into a thriving complex character by asserting and establishing psychic wholeness. The novel apart from throwing light on the world of advertising, journalism, glamour encased in the hollowness, artificiality and inner fragmentation of the upper class society, also focuses on Nisha’s voyage towards self-realization. The novel also attempts to propagate that female subjectivity can resist male injustice and is capable of sustenance by facing it confidently eventually evolving triumphant.

Padmini in Hayavadana is constantly under the watchful eyes of the patriarchal and socio-cultural pressure, making her conscious of woman’s place in the society, and expected mode of behaviour. The patriarchal culture demands that she should be loyal to her husband, should not indulge in extra marital relationship which otherwise would declare her infidelity. The married life of Padmini does not seem to be full of contentment and pleasure. When she felt that a feeble and delicate Devadutta is unsuitable, she turns to Kapila to satisfy the demand of her body. She wants Devadatta’s mind and Kapila’s body. She aspires to have a ‘perfect man’ who possesses both these aspects of human personality. So far she had no courage to express her desire to have Kapila due to the fear of society or morality. But the burden of the social stigma, censure and charges of adultery haunt her mind. Her quest for fulfillment is curbed by making Devadatta and Kapila kill each other. The presence of desire in Padmini “violates the norm of feminine behavior and disturbs established notion of propriety.”37

I feel that the book is distinctive and special in a way, as it alternates between the view of Hari and Lila is in the village of Thul. From these two point of view we can get the idea of similarities and differences between city and village life. The situation in the village was very bad as we can see the father drunk and a critically ill mother the character of the family struggling to make end meet. It brings the struggle of man for evading the psychic pressure of life in the hope of survival. The writer denounces the flaws of society by painting scenes of everyday life and also how society works and how it can put pressure on people sometime to the point of destroying individual. Anita Desai’s critical sense of observation and her essential thinking with common men become important in her expert characterization, vivid description of a vigorous plot which is highly authentic. When we examine the concept of free or new women in this novel, we take it for granted that Anita Desai understanding of feminine sensibility is well display in all her novel. Her protagonist, most of whom are women, battle desperately with, their traditional

Later in the narrative, he shows the true colours of his male ego, abusing Haimabati for nothing, beating her at times, and jeopardising her professional life. At one point he got involved in a brawl with Haimabati’s superior at her workplace, and it was she who saved him from a legal action, by apologising for his conduct. He knew that he would never be able to earn himself, yet it was no longer bearable to his male ego to live on his wife’s income. Haimabati does not use any harsh word to describe these feats of her husband, but her sense of irritation is not always hidden, though she tried to wear a stoical calm and accept everything as God’s will. Her willing compromise with her husband’s abuses shows how internalised patriarchy could be: being otherwise so self-sufficient she kept herself subservient to the man who, she believed, showed the ‘generosity’ of remarrying her and providing her with a respectable status in society. These contradictions and complexities in Haimabati’s life, which Indrani Sen has also noticed (60) point towards an intriguing paradox in feminist history. Her struggle for identity, extraordinary despite all these contradictions, shaped her personality in two ways: by resisting patriarchy and by compromising with it.