Kant's Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Moral

end up with insufficient funds. When you unselfishly give, give, and give and there is not an

expected John to pay of his debts. John would not pay of the debts and made

3. Voluntary - The will should be stated free of any force or threat, and in response to information revealed, because understanding of the choices and their penalties has been achieved. When an honest choice is made the patient takes a part of responsibility of the fallout.

2. Regardless of how you answered Question 1, is there a way he can avoid paying and yet still manage to salvage the deal?

In Part 1 an individual specifies who will make health care decisions, called the Health Care Agent, if he becomes unable to decide for himself. Part 2 is the living will, or treatment preferences.

want of money, I will borrow money and promise to repay it, although I know that

2. Non-voluntary, as the patient is unable to express his wishes due to conditions such as extreme pain, dementia, coma, etc. (There exists a legally binded contract, that makes sure the individual expresses his wish before, in order to make

“If the action would be good solely as a means to something else it is hypothetical. If the action is represented as good in itself and therefore as necessary for a will which of itself accords with reason, then the imperative is categorical”. Kant

• a duty to act within powers, that is, to act in accordance with the company’s constitution

In Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant seeks to develop a clear understanding of moral principles. Qualities of character and fortune can be exercised for either good or bad purposes, and only the good will is naturally and inherently good. Humans are at once rational and natural beings; our reason and natural characteristics are distinct from each other. Kant suggests that we must choose either to follow our rational or natural capacities. Although man’s highest purpose may seem to be self-preservation and happiness, as rational beings our highest purpose is to develop this good will. Our instinct leads us to the pursuit happiness and self-preservation, but the will developed by our reason would be good in itself and

both the act, or actus rea, and the intent to commit the act, or mens rea.

both the act, or actus rea, and the intent to commit the act, or mens rea.

The word “imperative” can be used in multiple contexts. In all contexts, it is defined as a command. Kant introduces two types of imperatives that can distinguish the level of significance each plays in determining if an action is morally right or wrong, good or bad. These commands are called categorical imperatives and hypothetical imperatives.

Furthermore to establish an actus reus the physical element of the offence must be voluntary,

of any kind is a debt that must be repaid. To lead another person on