Kashmir Conflict : The Conflict Between India And Kashmir

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

One thing that the world does not always acknowledge, is that many countries have actually been demanding for independence ever since the 1800’s. The partition that created Pakistan was a long and tedious process before it got approved. Before World War II, Great Britain had full control over the country of India and its resources, even though the people were demanding for self-rule for several years. At the time, India consisted of both Muslim and Hindu cultures, and the tensions between the two

India and Pakistan have been at odds for over seven decades since the partition that caused each to define itself in opposition to the other, and they have fought four wars since. The primary point of contention between the two countries is the Kashmir dispute, which dates back to 1947. After the Indian subcontinent divided, there was the issue of 650 states existing within the two newly independent countries. These states, which were each run by separate monarchies, had the choice to decide which country to join, or of remaining independent. In practice, the restive population of each province proved decisive. Although many princes wanted their territories to remain independent states, which would have meant hereditary monarchies and no

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

“In 1974 it was predicted that it fall under Pakistan since most of the population was Muslim,” according to Borneman (2), this causes a fight over which religion is better. “It was decided that India will get Jammu-Kashmir, but Pakistan was waiting The Raja of Jammu and Kashmir to consider changing it to part of Pakistan” according to Suzane Martin (1),later on it was made official that India got Kashmir. Which later on caused war between India and Pakistan. This decision has had an impact on religion. Pakistan is wanting still Kashmir and it is clear that geography is impacting the religion and the conflict between India and Pakistan. Geography can also not impact religion but nature as

There have been numerous negotiations taken place between India and Pakistan since 1947. They have ranged from inconsequential issues such as Border Railway Crossing and Time Tables to highly disputatious ones like National Security interests including Nuclear Confidence building measures and to the highly infamous Kashmir issue.

The liberation of Bangladesh from the cruel clutches of Pakistan was the main reason for conflict between India and Pakistan. India being a sandwich between East Pakistan and West Pakistan could not turn his eyes from the genocide perpetuated against the civilians of East Pakistan by West Pakistan junta.

not solely religion. An example of failed attempt to build a nation on the basis of religion is

Why is it that despite sharing so much in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion, and language, India and Pakistan hold such animosity and bitterness towards each other? Since their emergence as independent states from the British Indian Empire in 1947, India and Pakistan have sacrificed considerable blood battling each other. As part of the independence, India was divided into two separate nations—India and Pakistan. The Hindu states of British India formed the new country of India, while those states with a Muslim majority became part of Pakistan. The violent partition of India and Pakistan resulted in large scale armed confrontations and has sustained a continuous distrust between the two countries. They have been involved in four wars; the first immediately following independence over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, another in 1965 over the same state, a civil war in 1971 that stemmed into the creation of Bangladesh and the Kargil war of 1999 fought in Kashmir. The hostility that remains even fifty five years later instigates questions in our minds as to what lies in the future of the relationship between these two Asian countries. Is there hope for peace in the near future? Is the antagonistic behavior between the two nations reflective of the attitudes of their respective citizens? How has this bitterness affected the recent and current generations of Indians and Pakistanis? And will this continue to affect the future generations?

     “Muslims have always been in conflict with the Hindu majority” (13). It all began when Muslims first invaded India. And their disputes still continue today.

The war between Pakistan and India in 1965 and 1999 see also (Bose, S. 2009) has shown that India and Pakistan are increasing their military power and facing the challenges. On the other hand, China is behind the Pakistan. So India is worrying if USA and China extend their support to Pakistan and Pakistan prepares to attack Kashmir. Indian central politics are also responsible for improving Kashmir case. Sonia Gandhi (leader of Indian Congress) is a liberal and her party wants a dialogue with Kashmir and Pakistan both.

The Kargil war was a conflict between India and Pakistan. The two countries’ Armies were greatly involved in this conflict, with Pakistan having a bigger role to play in the war. It is important to note that Pakistan begun preparing for this war as early as February 1999 by selecting, training and deploying troops into the Kargil region. It is also imperative to understand the main intention behind all these preparations. The main aims of this grand plan were to isolate Siachen, to cause disruptions at several places in the main road connecting Leh and Srinagar, and to interrupt NH-1A. All these were meant to set the stage for attacking the valley through military and terrorist actions with the main objective of executing their main agenda dubbed ‘Op Topac’ – which was to gain control over Kashmir valley.

Even the leaders of nascent state of Pakistan were warned that they must fence the way leading to Jammu or they would lose Kashmir. India deprived Pakistan of this right by claiming Kashmir to be a part of India’s territory. India is adamant on maintaining that Jammu and Kashmir are its integral part. In 1947, India and Pakistan had war over Kashmir. During the war, it was India which first took the Kashmir dispute to the United Nations on 1st January 1948 and in the following year on 1stJanuary 1949, the UN enforced ceasefire between the two countries (Pakistan Mission To United Nations).Sixty six years have passed since then and throughout the period Kashmiris have given a lot of sacrifices. Pakistan’s government and leadership today seem eager to find a “solution” to the issue with India. Since 1953, more than 150 sessions of talks have been held in vain The Kashmir issue has remained unresolved till date with people having multiple views regarding the ownership of Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan wish to make Kashmir a part of their territory because Kashmir has so many valuable resources such as natural gas and gypsum (Encyclopedia Britannica),so both countries want to achieve a competitive edge over the other. In addition to this, the identified potential of Hydro electric power is enough to provide the full existing energy requirements of Pakistan and half of India which enhances the value of Kashmir for both the nations ( Hydro Electric powers- Jammu

Thе Jammu and Kashmir disputе bеtwееn India, Kashmir sеparatists, Pakistan, and forеign fightеrs rеprеsеnts a war of insurgеncy that is bеing fought for many rеasons. It is tracеd to thе partition of India and Pakistan in 1948 by thе British. Thе controvеrsy arosе whеn both India and Pakistan claimеd Jammu and Kashmir as part of thеir nеw countriеs. India laid claim bеcausе Kashmir’s rulеr dеcidеd to join India aftеr coming undеr attack from Pakistan