Kashmir's Conflict : The Conflict Of Kashmir And Kashmir

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

Afzal’s death further infuriated the Kashmiri people. Yet again not only were curfews put in place by the police, but violators executed. At this point, the Kasmiri people have been subjected to 20 years of military occupation. Strides had been made – in 2014 India was going to give Kashmir and Jammu back some of their rights by allowing elections. Executing Afzal Guru seemed to reverse all of their efforts.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

The British’s goal to separate the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs was a total disaster. “The trouble was that Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs were an integrated population so that it was impossible to make a border without widespread dislocation.” This quote states that making a border was impossible because the groups aren’t meant to be spread apart. “By the end of 1947 there were virtually no Hindus or Sikhs living in west India - now part of Pakistan - and no Muslims in the Indian east.” This explains how the British made Pakistan because of the partition. “The British government and Mountbatten must bear a large part of the blame for this tragedy." Therefore, the British caused religious violence and disagreement against each

India and Pakistan have been at odds for over seven decades since the partition that caused each to define itself in opposition to the other, and they have fought four wars since. The primary point of contention between the two countries is the Kashmir dispute, which dates back to 1947. After the Indian subcontinent divided, there was the issue of 650 states existing within the two newly independent countries. These states, which were each run by separate monarchies, had the choice to decide which country to join, or of remaining independent. In practice, the restive population of each province proved decisive. Although many princes wanted their territories to remain independent states, which would have meant hereditary monarchies and no

The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, insisted on a separate Muslim state called Pakistan (Bentley 889). He observed that “[t]he only solution to India’s problem is Pakistan” (Bentley 890). Jinnah believed that the only way to prevent violence between Hindus and Muslims was to segregate them. However, Gandhi and Nehru disagreed with him and demanded an integrated India where national identity, not religion, defined oneself. Nehru declared, “[i]f the division is made so as to separate the predominately Hindu and Muslim areas, the Hindu areas will not be so hard hit.

The years subsequent the war, Britain kept their promise to India. In return for military labor and free access to commodities throughout the war, Britain would relinquished their hold on the territory thus, allowing it its freedom. In 1947, British India was partitioned into ‘India and Pakistan’ and soon after, was given its independence as a solitary state apart from Pakistan. Although this was what the Indian Independence Movement aspired for, violence between Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus quickly arose (Pierce). The conflict sparked what became the determining factor in the separation of the two states, independently India, and Pakistan. India and its neighboring regions were flooded with mass exodus, people who believed that a Hindu India, and a Muslim/Sikh Pakistan was the best possible way to begin independence packed their things and left, seeking the land of their religious majority. Over 14.5 million people crossed borders. Nearby in Burma (what is modern day Myanmar), Japan had invaded with the assumption that they could easily take hold of the Burmese colony, which was incredibly blessed with

Indeed, the Partition of India and Pakistan, a decision made by lawmakers far from the front-lines, unleashed an episode of brutal depravity that might be unmatched in recent history. Growing tensions between Hindus and Muslims throughout the 1940s gave a ride for the desire for a Muslim state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is regarded as the father of Pakistan, believed that a unified nation would only lead to marginalization of Muslims and, eventually, violence and civil war. An independent state seemed a solution to this danger. However looking at the grave situation of Pakistan today, was this a good decision or not is a highly debatable point of discussion running past the minds of

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

Jammu and Kashmir was originally a part of India when the conflict began, though, due to its high Muslim population, it leaned more towards Pakistan. According to The Times of India, “53% of the population of Kashmir is Muslim or of Muslim descent” and wants to “secede to Pakistan”. However, the conflict arises because

The liberation of Bangladesh from the cruel clutches of Pakistan was the main reason for conflict between India and Pakistan. India being a sandwich between East Pakistan and West Pakistan could not turn his eyes from the genocide perpetuated against the civilians of East Pakistan by West Pakistan junta.

Long history of political and historical conflict can trigger two countries to fight over a problem very minimal. The Kargil war was fought because a country crossed another country 's border. This was a war between two countries India and Pakistan they are very similar countries they share common cultural, geographical and similar economic. Before 1947 India and Pakistan was a whole country but in 1947 after the British Raj new nations were formed. When the nation got divided into two India ended up with a majority of Hindu and a minority of muslim population. In Pakistan the majority is muslim with a minority of hindu, it emerged as a Islamic Republic. After the split of the two countries have had three majors wars and one undeclared war. The Kargil war was fought in May of 1999 and ended July of 1999, it was located in Kargin the district of Kashmir, India had named it operation Vijay. This was an inter-state war, it was fought in mountain range, which is called a high altitude warfare. It was very dangerous because of the harsh cold and rough mountain, also both counties had access to nuclear power. This was one of the first wars that was widely covered by the media. India lost about 500 soldiers, and pakistan lost about 5000 soldiers. The difference is quite shocking but India was more prepared and had more power than pakistan.

The movement deeply sowed the seeds of conflict in Kashmir as well. Here, the problem traces its roots to the annual Hindu pilgrimage, known as, Amarnath yatra. According to an article by Gautama Navlakha in the Economic and Political Weekly, “Amarnath yatra was, until recently, a little-known journey undertaken by small numbers of Shaivite Hindus. As recently as 1989, only 12,000 pilgrims, in a country of nearly a billion Hindus, undertook the pilgrimage” (qtd. in Rao). However, the Hindutvadis, over time, popularized this yatra, like other Hindu nationalists had done in the past (Rao). This caused the number of pilgrims to increase every year. They manifested the idea that the

India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made a pledge to resolve the Kashmir dispute in accordance with these resolutions. The sole criteria to settle the issue, he said, would be the “wishes of the Kashmir people”. A pledge that Prime Minister Nehru started violating soon after the UN resolutions were passed. The Article 370, which gave ‘special status’ to ‘Jammu and Kashmir’, was inserted in the Indian constitution. The ‘Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly’ was created on 5 November 1951. Prime minister Nehru also signed the Delhi Agreement with the then ‘ruler’ of the disputed State, Sheikh Abdullah, which incorporated Article 370. In 1957, the disputed State was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new Constitution. This was done in direct contravention of resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP and the conditions of the controversial Instrument of Accession. The puppet ‘State’ government of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed rushed through the constitutional provision and the people of Kashmir were not consulted.

India thinks that Kashmir is not the issue for an international concern and India does not consider UN’s take on any political action over Kashmir. India’s apprehension of Kashmir is reasonable somehow because India has fought three times with Pakistan regarding Kashmir’s issue. On the contrary, resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to Kashmir will be under the Indian union. Because there are lots of terrorist groups are fighting against India. Pakistan is supporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000).