Kath Walker Research Paper

The Myall Creek Massacre in Colonial Australia was caused by arising conflict from British imperialism as the greed for land and goods caused the English to disregard the rights of the Australian natives. In pursuit of resources and Newmarket’s, Britain colonised the majority of the world and the ramifications of this have continued into today. Firstly, upon colonising the land, settlers were continuing to ship convicts to Australia, due to America refusing the convicts after the War of Independence. The tensions that arose as a result of British colonisation culminated several episodes of conflict such as the Myall Creek Massacre. This event occurred as the result of escalating tensions between white settlers and the Aborigines which

Bruce Dawe is one of the most inspirational and truthful poets of our time. Born in 1930, in Geelong, most of Dawe’s poetry concerns the common person – his poems are a recollection on the world and issues around him. The statement ‘The poet’s role is to challenge the world they see around them.’ Is very true for Bruce Dawe, as his main purpose in his poetry was to depict the unspoken social issues concerning the common Australian suburban resident. His genuine concern for these issues is

-White settlement affected the Indigenous people in a number of ways”{They} made them (the Aboriginals) outcasts on their own land*” by calling it terra nullius under the English Law, despite knowing the existence of the Aboriginals. Terra nullius is a latin term that means “land that belongs to no one.”They believed it belonged to no one because the Aboriginals didn’t use the land in the same way as the British. The Aboriginals believed that Mother Nature would provide them with what they needed, so they didn’t need to hunt and mark the land. The British completely ignored the deep spiritual connections the Aboriginals had with the land. They cut down trees, put up fences and built towns. They believed they had to own the land. But the Aboriginals were outraged when saw the settlers building farms where they had originally been hunting and gathering at, this was because there wasn’t enough food for them. They killed many white settlers in revenge and a clash of cultures began. Pemulwuy was an Aboriginal warrior that lead raids against the British. He also speared John McIntyre, Governor Phillip's gamekeeper, in December 1790. When the Indigenous people resisted the British, it lead to many conflicts which eventually left a irreversible damage to the lives of Indigenous people.

Indigenous people were in Australia a long time before white settlement arrived. In the speech by Stan Grant the truth about the way the white settlement invaded the land of the Wiradjuri people was exposed. In the Blue Mountains there was an Indigenous settlement which was invaded and cleaned out by the white settlement. This is exemplified in the speech as Grant mentions “I come from those plains, I come from a place west region of the Blue Mountains, the Wiradjuri people, where in the 1820’s the soldiers and the white settlers waged a war of extermination against my people. Yes, a war of extermination!” This communicates the horrifying experiencing the indigenous people had as

As the English population began to increase, Aboriginal people were moved into missions in 1810, so the population could be manages and they were taught the European ways so they could be used as low paid labours, border lining slaves (Creative Spirits, 2002). When the Aboriginal people failed to move to Christianity and ‘civilised’ life, the Europeans thought it was due to the lack of intellectual ability because they didn’t understand the “complexity and holding power of the traditional culture and religion” to the Aboriginals (Psychology and Indigenous Australians, Foundations of Cultural Competence, 2009, pp. 77). The separation of Aboriginals from the community into missions was known as segregation. In the early 20th century, the Indigenous Australians all throughout the nation were exposed to the ‘protection legislation’ which in turn, denied them of their basic human rights as well as the freedom that was demanded by every other Australian. Aboriginals were increasingly moved of farms where they worked like slaves and put into government or church controlled reserves where they were expected to die out (Psychology and Indigenous Australians, Foundations of Cultural Competence, 2009, pp. 79). On the Australian census at this time, Aboriginals were still considered as

In both the Americas and Australia, the native dwellers were forced to relocate and adapt to new circumstances, due to the taking of land by the Europeans, who felt that they had the right to, due to their self-proclaimed superiority. The weapons of the Aztec and the Aboriginal cultures were also influenced in big ways after the colonisation; as they adopted many of the settlers’ more technological weaponry. The Indigenous in the Americas and Australia were forced to change their religious beliefs, and become Christians. The Aboriginals in Australia were sent to mission stations, and were made to forget their own beliefs and traditions, which were seen as nomadic to the British.

Kara Walker was born on November 26, 1969, in Stockton, California. Her father is an artist and professor while her mother is an administrative assistant. She was inspired by her own father’s work and wanted to do the same thing that her father has done for his life, art. She went to Atlanta College of Art, Rhode Island School of Design and Georgia State University for her education as an artist. Today, she is a painter, silhouettes printmaker, installation artist and also a filmmaker who is interested in what makes up someone identity as a person. Many of her work today is mostly of cut paper silhouettes. She uses these cutouts to represent the racism of the country. She uses different types of art to also represent the silhouettes that

During the 1800’s until the 1920s, the Aboriginal population digressed from nearly 500,000 members to roughly 30,000 because of those whom were new within the land, such as private settlers, colonial authorities, and squatters. During this prolong amount of time, only 20,000 members of the Aborigine society was murdered and between 20,000 to 35,000 children were removed from the families. The aborigines were considered as the inferior individuals within Australia. They were often referred to as “dispersed kangaroos” because of their distinctive features and their actions (such as bathing with sand) that demonstrated to the squatters that they were something rather than human beings (55). The settlers proclaimed that the

Whether or not Aboriginal people had left the land to dry for itself is not our concern here. Nor is the aim of this paper to prove the English were right in claiming sovereignty over Australian land, since there is much proof they hadn't even been the first Europeans to meet with "terra nullius". Nevertheless, as history speaks for itself, there's clear evidence Aboriginal people endured immense changes during colonization years, on the land where they stood, cultures unshaken, for thousands of years, before Europe had a say in that. Indeed, what we aim for is to examine some ideas perpetrated along the years in regards to the devastating effects that emerged once the first ship of colonizers arrived.

They are discriminated against by immigrants from all aspects. From the beginning, justice for the aborigines did not exist. Therefore, in the following two centuries, all kinds of violence and discrimination against the indigenous people persisted. Although the Australian government has improved its policy on aboriginal people, the previous colonial government and the nineteenth-century Australian government have left indelible influence on the aborigines, such as reduced population, racial discrimination and cultural loss. This essay is going to argue that policies of past Australian Government led to irreversible damage to indigenous people in cultural identity，human rights and health.

Throughout his essay, Breiner suggests that the manner in which Walcott incorporates the Creole language into his poetry is critical in assessing Walcott’s purpose. The matter of how takes shape in two forms: orality versus printed text. In speech, the Creole language is highly unstable and dynamic – changing with each situation. Creole is the mixture of native Caribbean and European languages, so this mixture lends itself to instability. Writing, in contrast, is intentional and possesses a purposeful goal in mind. This is what Breiner calls the “grapholect–that is, about the form of language that can succeed on the page” (Breiner 33). Through the grapholect, Walcott strives for the

In the early to late 1900’s, the Australian government wanted to get rid of the Aborigine culture. They did not want their customs and traditions to live on anymore, so they

Judith Wright’s knowledgeable use of poetic devices enhances the reader’s enjoyment and understanding of the white invasion that occurred in Australia many years ago through the use of metaphors, imagery and rhyme. “The blue crane fishing” is an example of a metaphor as a crane is a species of bird but it is also a type of rod used for fishing. The poet uses this to show the difference between how the Aborigines used to hunt for food independently and how the settlers who arrived in Australia manufactured food which changed the way Aborigines lived. Throughout this entire poem Wright uses rhyme. For example Stanza Two:

It honours, mourns and reminisces about the chief’s culture that is fading and being ‘ousted’ by the white civilisation. As an indigenous poet, she represents her people as victims who have been “displaced” in their “own home”. This is apparent in the nostalgic tone of the poem which is created in the lines, “left only with your memory” and “no more forever”. As a poet who is proud of her identity and heritage, she promotes inclusivity of the indigenous community and calls for more recognition, understanding and respect for the traditional culture by evoking sympathy and empathy in the

Healing and entertaining people through rhythmic storytelling are the corner stone of slam poetry. Slam poetry is a type of type poetry where people read their poems without props, costumes or music (A Brief Guide to slam poetry. 2004). It is usually original work that talks about themes and subject that people can relate to. Invented in the 1980s by a Chicago construction worker named March Smith, it started as a form of storytelling and they used rhythm to make it entertaining (What is slam poetry? .2013). The essay is about a South African poet Koleka Putuma within details about biographical background of the poet’s life, body of work, performance style and analysis of her poem that will be provided.