Kayne vs Hayek

The expression "Keynesian economics" was utilized to allude to the idea that ideal monetary execution could be accomplished and financial droops avoided by affecting total request through dissident adjustment and financial mediation approaches by the administration. Keynesian financial matters is thought to be a "demand side" hypothesis that spotlights on changes in the economy over the short run. Basically Keynesian economics are the different theories about how in the short run, and particularly during the recessions, monetary output is strongly impacted by total request (total spending in the economy).

Two major economic thinkers of the of the early twentieth century, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek, hold very different economic viewpoints. Keynes is among the most famous economic philosophers. Keynes, who's theories gained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economy's bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the other hand, Hayek believed that in studying the boom answers would be provided to lead the economy out of the bust that was sure to follow. Hayek backed the Austrian school of economics.

John Maynard Keynes was born in 5th of June 1883 and died at the age of 62 on the 21st of April 1946. His work in economics and his ideas fundamentally changed the practice and theory of modern macroeconomics as well as the economic policies of governments. Keynes is very well known for his exceptional work on the implications and causes of the business cycles and is also regarded as the founder of modern macroeconomics. The school of thought also known as ‘Keynesian economics’ as well as the various offshoots have his ideas as foundation.

The ideas of John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich von Hayek have dominated the economic landscape since the end of World War II. Both of these influential economists had distinct ideas about economic freedom--ideas that were very clearly in opposition to each other. Following World War II, one major economic question dealt with the appropriate role for government in the economy. That has often been portrayed more recently as a battle between two economic titans. Hayek, in the 1970s, came to be seen as opposing everything Keynes and the Keynesian consensus stood for. More recently, many see the change towards more free-market ideas since the 1980s as the victory of Hayek's ideas over Keynes'—a process that has since reversed as a result of the Great Recession. This academic battle of ideas has even made its way into popular media.

We can see the implementation of Keynes’s and Hayek’s theory throughout history and even in today economy. Keynesian economics was created by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930’s. The theory is the idea of increasing the government spending and lower taxes in times of depression. In times of economic prosper the government supported to cut spending and raise taxis to save up for the next depression. An example of a country using Keynesian economics to stop an economic depression is during the Great Desperation. Franklin D. Roosevelt the president during that time used Keynesian to push the U.S. out of the Great Desperation. In the movie, they talk about the steps taken to help the U.S. “They were at war with the Great Depression, and they responded with frenetic activity, relief programs for the unemployed, for the hungry; programs to get people back to work.” (Commanding Heights, Daniel Yergin).

Since the early days of the United States, the Founding Fathers and other brilliant minds sought ways to understand and make sense of the inner workings of society and the economic market. Out of the many thinkers and developers of that time period, perhaps none made so great an impact on American society as the Scottish contemporary philosopher and political economist, Adam Smith—who is most known for his influential work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, By the early nineteenth century, other streams of economic theory emerged from various individuals who were also influenced by the ideas of Smith. Some of these individuals included David Ricardo, Karl Marx and later John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman—each of whom contributed their own ideas on economic activity. However, it was Smith’s ideas on capitalism and his laissez-faire approach to free markets that have transcended other economic theories and continue to impact American economic thought to this day.

As has been mentioned previously, Hayek had an entirely different approach to economics. There have been arguments made that Hayek’s arguments are more related to politics rather than economics, although politics and economics tend to go hand-in-hand. Contrary to Keynes arguments, Hayek believed that artificially low interest rates would only lead to artificially high investment only causing greater issues that would turn an economic boom into a recession (Econedlink). According to the PBS segment on “Commanding Heights”, Hayek had some major concerns about inflation. Hayek believed that inflation was malign and had the potential to weaken a society and democracy (PBS Commanding Heights). Hayek argued that markets are unpredictable and relatable to human influences.

First let us define Hayek’s theory of economics, he believed less government intervention meant more economic freedom (free markets) and when people are free to choose, (using knowledge as a tool), the economy runs more effectively. Hayek also believed that an unintentional consequence of human actions causes a spontaneous reaction, negative or positive.

In The Road to Serfdom, Hayek argues that war leads to centralized planning in the government and then the people who gain the power from the planning want centralized planning to remain. Central planning is able to remain because of how the people in power make it appear attractive to all different types of people. Yet, the planners are unable to make their promises reality because they all have a different idea of what the perfect plan would look like, and the citizens do not agree on the same plan as well. As the planners are unable to get support, they lose confidence from the citizens, and thus one powerful leader is selected to create a single plan and lead the centralized planning. Then, that party gains control of the government and that party is able to gain support by getting everyone to come together for a single cause. They use force to make sure no one is able to speak out against their party, and no one is able to choose their own occupation, their own wage, speak their own thoughts, choose what to do in their free time anymore. In the end, one makes a mistake and the choice of what is done to them is chosen by the state, freedom is gone and the road to serfdom arrives. Hayek was recognized for his ideas on capital, money, and the business cycle. These ideas can be found in Prices and Production (1931) and Monetary Theory and Trade Cycle

Friedrich Von Hayek and John Maynard Keynes were colleagues and economists with opposing views. Keynes saw the faults of free market in the postwar era and really thought that government instruction of the economy, all those faults could be fixed. Hayek thought that free market was the answer. In other words Hayek favored “free market” and Keynes favored “planned economy.”

In politics, our nation is divided into many different parties. Each party has their own stance on how things ought to be and what changes need to be made in order to have society function they way they’d like. Macroeconomics also can be viewed as divided. Instead of being divided into parties, economists are separated by different schools of thought. There’s many schools of thought because macroeconomics is such a complex matter. When there’s problems in the economy answers can be found in a plethora of places, because there’s so many moving parts. These moving parts of the economy are what economists use to make sense of everything. When people view some parts more important than others or find different solutions, different schools of thought become apparent. One of these schools of thought come from the writings of economists Anna Schwartz, Karl Brunner, Allan Meltzer, and most notably Milton Friedman. The school of thought became known as Monetarism, which focused on the macroeconomic effect of a nation’s money supply and its central banking institution (Mccallum). We will be focusing on Friedman and the contributions he made to monetarism, which includes his quantity theory of money.

John Maynard Keynes was born in 1883 which means he lived around the same time period as the seven creative individuals which Howard Gardner chose to focus on in his book Creating Minds. I chose to look at the life of Maynard Keynes because it is such a fascinating and diverse one. While entailing some of the same features found in the lives of those Gardner focused on, Maynard's life includes a lot of differences and adds some interesting twists as well. It can only be beneficial and interesting to see how this creative individual fits into Gardner's model. Keynes was one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century, and one of only a handful of social scientists who, through their writings, have

The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties as well as a few others, work together to influence the economy. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are two major components. Both of these are broken down into several different components that dictate societal norms and views.

Keynes and Hayak and their influence on the modern day economy：Who Won and Why? Whose model for economic development is more suitable for modern day society？

Friedirch August von Hayek was born in Vienna on May 8, 1899 and died on March 23, 1992, in the city of Freiburg in Breisgan in Germany. Hayek was a central figure in 20th-century economics and he represented the Austrian tradition. After Hayek served military service, he became a student at the University of Vienna where he got his doctorate in law and political science. In 1923-4, Hayek visited New York and then returned to Vienna where he continued his work. Hayek became the first director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research in 1927. He also gave some lectures in England at the London School of Economics in 1931. In England, he participated in such debates as monetary,