Keeping Up with the Jones’s Case Study

I obtained the results from the experiment supported my predictions because as the the concentration Na+ Cl- was increased from 5 mM to 10 mM (by adding more Na+ Cl-), the osmotic pressure also increased. However, after the membrane was changed to 50 MWCO, the Na+ Cl- molecules could diffuse easily through the membrane and did not caused an increase in osmotic pressure.

Hemoglobin A1c. Her number is concerning because it indicates that her blood sugar has been way too high over the past few months. The A1c is an indication of glycosylation in the body which is damaging to the blood vessels and peripheral nerves. It causes thickening of the basement membrane which will impair oxygen transport to the tissues and carbon dioxide removal.

As the lab introduction explains, osmosis is relatively permeable to water and will follow solutes. By instinct, the water will move from a more diluted solution to more of a concentrated solution. The products of the experiments concluded the physiological significance of osmosis by how cell membranes in the body are semipermeable meaning that only certain molecules can pass through it. When intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid are at equilibrium by non-penetrating and concentrated solutes, no net movement of water goes in and out of the cell. Furthermore, if the ECF changes in osmolality, then depending on the difference between the ECF and ICF will determine whether water moves in or out of the cell. This is important in the cell membrane as small differences in osmolarity correspond to large, rapid change in osmotic pressure, causing cells to gain or lose water. In sum, our body makes critical decisions in what molecules are allowed to penetrate the cell membrane and make sure that our red blood cells don’t cause any problems within the

Hypokalemia is a problem. Depression, low blood pressure, dysrhythmias, weakness, and fatigue. She is at risk for falls, depression, over feed reaction, delirium, and if it goes too low, cardiac arrest. Hemoglobin is low, so

An evaluation of Mrs Smith circulation was the next step carried out by the nurse, as in the breathing assessment Mrs Smith pallor was noted as being flushed and the patient appeared confused this could be associated with poor cardiac output. The nurse recorded the patient’s blood pressure using a dinamap it was measured at 88/50, it was then rechecked manually to ensure accuracy. The pulse was checked manually for rate and rhythm it was recorded as 98 beats per minute. Capillary refill was checked, was found to be normal.

M. H. states that she is generally in good overall health. No cardiac, respiratory, endocrine, vascular, musculoskeletal, urinary, hematologic, neurologic, genitourinary, or gastrointestinal problems.

There is no problem in her breathing at this time, but eventually there may be shortness in breath which

She does not want to take her shoes off when she weighs and something is abnormal about her blood pressure.

Nikoleta’s lab results are not normal. Her white blood cell count is far higher than the average threshold, her MCV is lower than normal, and her hemoglobin is drastically lower than the normal threshold level. The only two components that were normal were her red blood cell count and platelet count. As seen in the figures, her red blood cells are of a light pink color, when they should instead be a dark red color under the microscope.

Patient complained she was short of breath and experiencing severe pain between her shoulder blades. She stated that she has been feeling nasuseated for the past 3 hours. She states she has a history of stable angina and is currently taking medication as needed. She states she did not take the nitroglycerin because she was not experiencing chest pain, just back pain. She states that her last check-up with the Pulmonologist showed that her EKG did not show any changes since her last visit. She denies episodes of syncope. The patient does report that she tripped over something on the floor, which resulted in her falling and hitting her back on a large table. In addition, she states that her heart rate has been ranging from 130/ 90 to 140/92. Patient states her Primary care physician placed her on blood pressure medication 2 months ago due to the increase.

PHYSICAL EXAM: Temperature 98.6, Blood pressure 140/90. Pulse 110. Respirations 26. Her lungs are clear, showing mild signs of distress. Heart sounds are normal, irregular rhythm and bradycardia

Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability: Activity 3: Simulating Osmotic Pressure Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following is true of osmosis? You correctly answered: c. It is a type of diffusion. 2. Which of the following occurs when a hypertonic solution is added to cells? You correctly answered: d. The cells shrink. 3. The variable that affects osmotic pressure is You correctly answered: a. the concentration of nondiffusing solutes. 4. The net movement of water would be into the cell in a You correctly answered: b. hypotonic solution.

Capillaries cell walls are only one cell thick this is so they help substances move easier between the blood and tissue cells. Blood flows from the arteries into the capillaries. They are very narrow in diameter and this is because it helps to slow down the blood

She does moderate exercise a few times a week and eats well balanced meals. One Friday in the park while taking a morning stroll along the walking trail with her baby in the stroller, she began to feel a strong pain in her left breast and left arm. She hadn’t contemplated a heart attack. Later that day the pain moved into her shoulder and back, Jill took the prescribed dosage of aspirin and a cool shower and then laid down. Later that day she woke up with a splitting headache, the bed was saturated with sweat she felt like she wanted to vomit, and she had a slight pain in her chest. Her husband called an ambulance and she was rushed to the Emergency Department. The physicians did not take her seriously; she didn’t fit the typical profile of someone having who is a heart attack. The doctors told her she was too young, not overweight, and she has no family history of heart disease. So they sent her home. The pain only got worse. She was convinced she was dying, Jill returned to the hospital several times over the weekend, only to be sent back home with no answers. On Monday Jill followed up with her primary doctor. They sent her back to the hospital for more testing. Finally! She got a diagnosis. Days after the initial breast and arm pain a cardiologist reviewed her previous dismissed complaints made the

Haemolytic anaemia has multiple causes and the clinical presentation is based on the cause. This type of anaemia occurs when there is either a reduction in the life span or increased red cells destruction and the bone is unable to compensate. In this case this can be confirmed by the increased retic count, presence of Heinz bodies, spherocytes and sickle cells. Red cells can either be destroyed outside the circulation in the spleen, liver and bone marrow (extravascular haemolysis) or within the circulation, where globin chains bind haptoglobin. (Orf&Cunnington,