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Key Learning Theories Of Motivation

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Before we see Joan tomorrow, I would like to clarify multiple questions from various members of the healthcare team relating to the notes on the referral letter. I will begin by defining memory, describing the types of memory and explaining some difficulties which lie in these areas. Following memory, I will outline the major perspectives of motivation and using the cognitive and humanistic perspectives, I will explain why Joan may be experiencing ‘motivation issues’. To conclude, I will outline key learning theories and recommend which learning theory and behavioural analysis could be utilised when working with Joan.
Memory is the ability to retain, recall or repeat past actions, experiences or information from seconds to years ago. There …show more content…

“If any one of these processes fails, memory will fail” (Marsh, 2017). The first stage of encoding involves “converting the perceived stimuli so that it can be stored” (Mastin, 2010). The key determinant for encoding is attention. An individual who pays complete attention to a stimulus will most likely be able to recall that stimulus in more detail compared to an individual who only pays partial attention or is distracted. Thus, attention is necessary to form a memory. The second stage of memory formation is storage, where the encoded information is retained in memory. The major issue involved with storage is the blending of memories with new information. This is due to the processes of storage and real-time thought which share the same components of the brain, which often causes the mismatch of similar memories and current events. This mixing up of details are known as either intrusion or replacement errors. Intrusion errors are the mixing of recent information with an episodic memory, for example confusing where you parked the car today with last week. Replacement errors occurs when the arrival of new information displaces a previous memory, causing that memory to be lost, for example, the previous definition of a word replaced with a more accurate one. The final stage of retrieval refers to the recovery of information. Retrieving a memory is activated by retrieval cues and can occasionally cause inaccuracies when reconstructing them. Common errors in retrieval include; incongruent cues, misinformation effects and schematic fitting. Incongruent cues recreate memories which did not exactly occur. Misinformation effects is due to a leading retrieval cue which causes the addition of information to a memory which is not true. Schematic fitting is the addition of details to a memory which fit the individual’s stereotypes. Each issue during the three

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