Kidney Stone Research Papers

     Kidney stones are hard, crystalline deposits in the kidney. They are usually hexagonal, eighty percent of which are made of calcium. These calcium stones are two to three times more common in men, and are most likely to reoccur. The calcium oxalate versions most likely result from eating specific food. One percent of stones are cystine stones, which have to do with

Men are more likely to have kidney stones, because their urinary tract is larger than women's. Men are more prone to kidney stones their weight and size. Kidney stones are caused by low fluid intake, hot environments, high salt and protein intake, depending on your body kidney stones are able to develop due to lack of support from your body. As being the medical assistant I would be sure to make sure they are drinking plenty of water and are getting plenty of rest. I would also tell my patient to eat healthy fruit as is, without adding sugar or salt.

At a recent yearly routine appointment to dilate her urostomy she was informed that she had kidney stones and was awaiting further guidance.

If you feel stones, gall bladder pain you do not leave these stones, so doctors recommend operation in the state. Normal gallbladder size up to 4 inches in the body, the gallbladder stores fat, cholesterol.

Urinary stones, as known as Nephrolithiasis, a common disease that affects 1 in 10 Australians. The most of stones pass spontaneously, but some conditions, particularly ongoing pain, renal impairment and infection, mandate intervention (Macneil & Bariol, 2011). The formation of urinary stone is the calcium and uric get stuck together in the urine and becomes hard crystals. It can be small as the grain of sand or large as a golf ball (Health line, N.D). Patient whom has urinary stone will feel ongoing pain that as known as renal colic, when those stones become big enough. Renal colic is a pain caused by urinary tract stone blockage, it can be anywhere in the urinary tract that including the area from kidneys to the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

n.d.). P. Mirabilis is usually not pathogenic, however, once it enters urinary tract, lungs or wounds in the human body, it becomes pathogenic and will use blood vessels to travel to other areas of the body (Murphy, P. n.d.). P. mirabilis can cause urinary tract infections and kidney stones (EOL, n.d.). A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters (M. (2015, July 23). When you have a urinary tract infection you will have symptoms of red and strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain and a burning sensation while peeing (M. (2015, July 23). Urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics (M. 2015, July 23). Kidney stones are hard, small masses made up acid salts and minerals that are formed inside the kidneys (M. 2015, February 26). When you have kidney stones you will have severe back pain, trouble urinating, cloudy urine, urinating more than normal and pink, red, or brown urine (M. 2015, February 26). There is no treatment for kidney stones, they have to pass on their own (M. 2015, February 26). This process is usually very painful, but usually do not cause any later damage (M. 2015, February 26). To make them tolerable, doctors recommend drinking water and pain relievers (M. 2015, February

Why are men more prone to having kidney stones? I would have to say that they are more prone to having them because of the diet they are eating and working with. Men like to drink Mtn. Dew and that can cause kidney stones and that is a big kicker for it. Men have more muscle mass and can also cause them. With being out in the medical field when my pt has a kidney stone I can educate them on them and get them the help that they need.

Title: An exploration of the physiological changes during and after cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery that result in acute kidney injury

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of kidney failure in the United States. In 2011, approximately 44% of new cases of kidney failure, as a primary diagnosis, were attributed to diabetes with an additional 28% attributed to hypertension. Adults with diabetes, hypertension, or both have a higher risk of developing CKD than those without these diseases. (CDC, 2014)

Kidney Failure is when the kidneys lose the ability to eliminate excess salts, fluids and waste from the blood. If the bodies fluids rise to dangerous levels this cause the kidneys to lose their filtering ability. The symptoms of kidney failure are: swelling and fluid retention, pain between the rib and hips, decreased sensation especially in the hands or feet, high blood pressure, and metallic taste in your mouth. A doctor can diagnose kidney failure by using a stethoscope to see if they hear crackling in th lungs; which is a sign of fluid retention. Doctors will also order laboratory tests to see if there are any abnormal values. The preferred method used by doctors is an ultrasound, but an abdominal x-ray, an abdominal CT Scan, or an MRI.

The Blarney Stone, according to legend, grants one with elegance and persuasiveness when he or she kisses it. The Blarney Castle is the structure that contains the Blarney Stone and is 20 feet tall. The castle’s original wooden structure was built by the McCarthy’s of Muskerry around 1010 and they replaced that structure with a stone one two centuries later in 1210. Cormac McCarthy, the King of Munster, supplied 4,000 men to increase Robert the Bruce’s forces for the battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The legend says that Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, was so grateful for McCarthy’s help that he gave him half of the Stone of Scone, now know as the Blarney Stone. Queen Elizabeth soon found out about the castle and commanded the Earl of Leicester to take possession of it, but whenever he attempted to consult McCarthy about the matter, Cormac always suggested a banquet or some other form of delay, This meant that when the Earl was to send the queen progress reports, a long memorandum was sent stating that the castle had still remained untaken. The queen called the Earl’s reports “Blarney”, meaning hogwash or malarkey, out of anger and disappointment because she still did not have possession of

Kidney stones are a very common condition where your urine contains crystal-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate, and urine acid. When your urine contains more crystals than the fluid your urine can dilute. Your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together. This creates a perfect environment for kidney stones to form. Kidney stones often have no definitive cause, although several factors may increase your risk. There are also many types of kidney stones. Knowing they types of stones may help determine the cause of the kidney stones. Most common kidney stones are calcium stones. These stones usually form due to calcium oxalate. Oxalate is usually found in food. Chocolate, fruit, vegetables, and nuts usually contains a high level of oxalate. Another type of kidney stones are known as struvite stones. Struvite stones form due to infection, for example a urinary tract infection. Struvite stones can grow quickly, and become very large. Uric acid stones usually form in people who drink too little or too much liquids, people with a high protein diet, or people who suffer from gout.

Since the occurrence and progression of various human pathological conditions have been proposed to have an involvement of uric acid (UA), a number of researchers have therefore attempted to elucidate the potential roles of UA underlying the pathogenesis of UA-related diseases (1, 2). Among these, UA is well-documented in kidney stone diseases since it serves as not only a main crystalline composition of pure UA but also a principal risk factor for hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone disease (3, 4). These two kidney stones account for a significant percentage of stone-forming patients and have an increasing prevalence worldwide over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying UA-related kidney stone diseases are still not well understood.

Kidney cancer is among the 10 most common cancers in both men and women. Overall,

The recurrent nature of stone disease is a well-recognized Clinical problem. Urinary metabolic abnormalities such as low urine volume, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia predispose a patient to early recurrence (Rajgopal, 1985). Male gender,multiple stones (Sun, 1998), stone location (Yu, 1993), residual fragments (Fine 1995) and some anatomic or functional urinary tract abnormalities (Streem, 1995) are known to be major risk factors for