Kidney Stones ( Renal Lithiasis )

     Luckily, after the excruciating occurrence, the stone usually doesn’t damage anything. Sometimes there comes a situation where the kidney stone either becomes too big or for some reason gets wedged in the urinary tract and the pain worsens. Also, the urine begins to get backed up, and the bladder and urinary tract begins to get infected. Thus, an operation must be performed. Originally, they were removed, either by slicing the bladder or kidney open, or by shoving an instrument up the ureter. Fortunately, through the miracles of technology, one does not necessarily have to go through this “invasive” treatment. Instead, there is a treatment that uses shockwaves to slice up the stone. This is called kidney stone lithotripsy. A large machine uses sound waves to break up the stone into small fragments that can be more easily passed through.

Men are more likely to have kidney stones, because their urinary tract is larger than women's. Men are more prone to kidney stones their weight and size. Kidney stones are caused by low fluid intake, hot environments, high salt and protein intake, depending on your body kidney stones are able to develop due to lack of support from your body. As being the medical assistant I would be sure to make sure they are drinking plenty of water and are getting plenty of rest. I would also tell my patient to eat healthy fruit as is, without adding sugar or salt.

Urinary stones, as known as Nephrolithiasis, a common disease that affects 1 in 10 Australians. The most of stones pass spontaneously, but some conditions, particularly ongoing pain, renal impairment and infection, mandate intervention (Macneil & Bariol, 2011). The formation of urinary stone is the calcium and uric get stuck together in the urine and becomes hard crystals. It can be small as the grain of sand or large as a golf ball (Health line, N.D). Patient whom has urinary stone will feel ongoing pain that as known as renal colic, when those stones become big enough. Renal colic is a pain caused by urinary tract stone blockage, it can be anywhere in the urinary tract that including the area from kidneys to the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

Nephrolithiasis can be suspected based on the history and physical examination. However, lab works and diagnostic imaging are important to confirm and exclude the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Urinalysis is performed to examine the presence of blood, urine pH and crystals to identify the contents of the stone as well as infection. An elevated WBC count or presence of bacteria in the urine is a sign of infection. Identifying the stone composition will help to direct the medical therapy for the patient. A 24 hour urine collection is done to identify dietary and individual risk factors for recurrent nephrolithiasis. Several imaging studies can be performed to rule out nephrolithiasis. If a patient is pregnant or contraindicated for better imaging

n.d.). P. Mirabilis is usually not pathogenic, however, once it enters urinary tract, lungs or wounds in the human body, it becomes pathogenic and will use blood vessels to travel to other areas of the body (Murphy, P. n.d.). P. mirabilis can cause urinary tract infections and kidney stones (EOL, n.d.). A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters (M. (2015, July 23). When you have a urinary tract infection you will have symptoms of red and strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain and a burning sensation while peeing (M. (2015, July 23). Urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics (M. 2015, July 23). Kidney stones are hard, small masses made up acid salts and minerals that are formed inside the kidneys (M. 2015, February 26). When you have kidney stones you will have severe back pain, trouble urinating, cloudy urine, urinating more than normal and pink, red, or brown urine (M. 2015, February 26). There is no treatment for kidney stones, they have to pass on their own (M. 2015, February 26). This process is usually very painful, but usually do not cause any later damage (M. 2015, February 26). To make them tolerable, doctors recommend drinking water and pain relievers (M. 2015, February

Your urine test and physical exam showed a kidney infection. This is called pyelonephritis. It is a urinary tract infection that affects your kidney. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. Most kidney infections result from lower urinary tract infections, usually bladder infections, and occur when bacteria travel from the vagina or rectal area into the urethra and bladder. The urethra is the tube that empties urine from the bladder. From the bladder, the bacteria travel up the ureter or ureters into the kidney or kidneys. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In women, the urethra is very short, which allows bacteria to spread to the bladder easily, and eventually, the kidney.

Why are men more prone to having kidney stones? I would have to say that they are more prone to having them because of the diet they are eating and working with. Men like to drink Mtn. Dew and that can cause kidney stones and that is a big kicker for it. Men have more muscle mass and can also cause them. With being out in the medical field when my pt has a kidney stone I can educate them on them and get them the help that they need.

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that is caused by bacteria that affects one or both kidneys. The urinary tract involves the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra near the middle of the back on both sides of the spine. This is the human body’s way of removing waste and excess water. Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria and only affects the kidneys and Escherichia coli is often the bacterium that causes this infection. Men and women are both affected by this and are more likely to develop it by having diabetes, kidney stones, a bladder tumor or an untreated urinary tract infection. There are many symptoms to look for when you are experiencing the infection. Doctors can diagnose depending upon the age and gender of a patient.

Uric Acid stones precipitate under these circumstances increased urinary uric acid concentration secondary to overproduction, increased renal tubular uric acid secretion, decrease renal tubular uric acid reabsorption, decrease in the urinary volume or increased hydrogen ion concentration. Some causes include purine enzyme defects, leading to overproduction and increased uric acid concentration in the urine for example, HGPRT deficiency, PRPP synthetase overactivity and G6P deficiency. Other causes include myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, hemolytic anemias or cytotoxic drug related causes. Lastly increased dietary purine intake, hyperuricemia, dehydration, decreased glomerular filtration and renal tubular uric acid reabsorption

Feline cystitis is a very common disease in cats in which the urinary tract is blocked. It occurs in 50-70% of middle-aged cats (Caney et. al 2011). The blockage usually originates from either a bladder stone or a crystal accumulation. The “crystal build up” refers to a bacterial build up in the form of sand (Buffington et. al 2011). The crystals can lead to a blockade which causes their bodies to develop stationary urine, making it very difficult for the cat to urinate. If this urine is blocked for too long, the build up can get to a point where there is harm to the kidneys, which can ultimately result in kidney failure (Towell et. al 2015). The non-movement of urine is also the perfect environment for faster bacteria build up. Feline cystitis

Glomerulonephritis is a disease that affects the glomeruli of your kidneys that filters the waste in your blood. Your glomeruli becomes damaged because of a problem with your body's immune system. Salt and extra fluid begin to build up in your kidneys, making them unable to filter properly. There are two types of Glomerulonephritis- acute or chronic. Acute Glomerulonephritis can be caused by a skin or throat infection or by other illnesses such as lupus. Chronic Glomerulonephritis can develop over time without any symptoms. Sometimes the disease runs in the family, but with most cases of glomerulonephritis disease the cause is unknown. Glomerulonephritis can affect anyone with diabetes, or other kidney diseases. It is commonly seen in young

As it is possible to see, there are many methods in which you'll be able to assist you body with passing kidney stones. These might be widespread incidences for some people, so knowing how to assist the method along may be particularly useful. All you actually have to do is take care of one's kidneys and other organs involved in expelling urine from the entire body. Staying hydrated and minimizing your consumption of caffeine will aid to stop these stones from developing within the

I have chosen the topic about kidney stone because my favorite comic book series featured it as a character. Kidney stones, also known as, Nephrolithiasis or Renal Calculi, are crystalized lumps formed by insoluble calcium compounds (Kidney Stones). Normally, the two kidneys in the human body are in charge of filtering blood to produce urine. The urine travel down to the ureters, then into the urinary bladder, and finally excreted through the urethra (Baxter, 2016a). When there is not enough water to dilute the waste products, they stay in the kidney and increase the risk of stone formation. As waste stayed in the kidney, it start to build up and form into a kidney stone. Depending on the size of the kidney stone, some may slide down the urinary tract without causing any discomfort. However, because of the small diameter of the ureters, large usually get stuck and block the flow of urine (Baxter, 2016c).

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome affects the renal system, central nervous system, and in some cases the circulatory system. The cause of juvenile gout associated with LNS is the over production of uric acid or hyperuricemia. As the body continues to make too much uric acid the result is tophus or uric acid crystals. These crystals collect under the skin and between the joints as tophi (under the skin) (Fig. B) or between the joints causing gout (Fig C). There is also a present uric acid crystals in the urine, this is known as uric acid crystalluria (Fig D.), if the stones are large they can be large enough to get stuck traveling through the ureters to the bladder. “If a large stone gets stuck in the kidney or on its way to the bladder, it

The first being dehydration and the second being family history. Being dehydrated is a common reason for developing kidney stones, because urine requires water to properly flush harmful sediments that build up. Another key risk factor is family history, which has a significant impact on kidney stones occurring. The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health reports that 40% of people that develop kidney stones have a positive family history for stones, furthermore the Harvard Health Publication published that men with kidney stones in their family history are two and a half times more likely to develop them. There are several diet factors that contribute to kidney stones forming as well, that being; high sodium intake, high animal protein intake, high sugar and fructose corn syrup intake. When looking at causes for the occurrence of kidney stones, three areas should be examined, hydration, family history and