My research proposal consists in a parallel reading of Soren Kierkegaard's and Friedrich Nietzsche's works, with a focus on the topic of Irony. In this respect, I aim to compare these authors' interpretation of the nature of Irony, and to show how they both do not see it as an expression of an attitude of disengagement. Instead, these two thinkers see the ironist's attitude as that of the one who sets out to disrupt our given-for-granted habits, having the purpose of deepening and transforming our ethical and religious committments.
In reading Nietzsche and Kierkegaard this way, I am mostly grounding my interpretation in Jonathan Lear's lectures on Irony and Ralph Harper's study of Existentialism. On one hand, I am adopting Lear's view of Irony as connected to the cultivation of virtue and of human excellence; Irony, is then the capacity of turning the faimiliar in the unfamiliar, as a part of the diffcult pursuit of 'becoming human'. Our social and personal structures and narratives, are therefore disrupted by the
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I hold this research topic to be not just of great scholarly interest as it comes to the study of these two authors: my opinion, is that such a dissertation could shed a different light on how we understand the Theo-Philosophical enterprise, underlying its necessary connection to life's broader context. Nietzsche and Kierkegaard can help us see the pursuit of a better rational understanding of religion, as well as of religious life and practices, not just as a curiosity but as a part of the exploration, crticism, strengthening of our existential commitments and
Irony is “the expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite typically for humorous or emphatic effect” (dictionary.com). Irony can be found in chapter 1 of Night, on page 38, “Work is liberty” (38). Wiesel includes this to convey the Jews’ disheartened attitude toward their new reality. This quote helps to get the message across because of the tirony that while the sign promises liberty for work, the concentration camp will only cause unbelievable suffering and pain for the Jews. We also see in the beginning of the book how Ellie’s dad says that the yellow star they had
Although irony may be associated with negative events or actions, it can also be a sign of good for characters within stories. According to Dictionary.com, irony in literature is defined as “a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated.” The use of irony is found within the novel The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini uses irony to portray and develop the main dynamic character in this story, Amir. Most of the major events Amir is faced with at a younger age seemingly come full circle when he reaches adulthood. Irony plays a role as Amir lives through tragic events that ultimately teach him how to become a better person.
The story “The cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe already starts with irony in the first sentence; “The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge”. By using irony the author allows readers to have different interpretations of his story; for example Poe’s antagonist characters has the name of Fortunado. He is the one that is murdered in the end, thus demonstrating that he is not as fortunate as his name seems to indicate. Bella Wang and Amelia Tibbett exemplify this by saying, in her analysis of Poe’s story; “Poe gives the victim the name of Fortunato, which may mean "fortunate" in Italian, but adds an extra element of cynical humor to Fortunato 's jovial and unsuspecting character.” (Wang) and also “the word "luckily" also recalls the meaning of Fortunato 's name and is thus entirely unfitting for Fortunato 's fate.” (Wang). Moreover, in her analysis of the text, Amelia Tibbett confirms the fact that the reader has a kind of freedom in interoperating the story; Poe cleverly weaves this story so that he has perfect control over the narrative, all the while allowing the reader some freedom in their own interpretations. (Tibbett).
Without doubt, Edgar Allan Poe’s story is one of the author’s masterpiece. The story is an exhibit of artistic genius with various literary features well incorporated. Among them, irony, defined as, “A figure of speech which is a contradiction or incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs”, is the most evident. Allan Poe demonstrates the use of various types of irony throughout the play, which he uses to pass the intended message to the audience.
In “The Most Dangerous Game”, by Richard Connell, the author uses irony to enhance the character’s traits. Irony is when one thing is said or done, but in the end totally opposite. Irony was used a various amount of times.
Somewhat unsurprisingly, the meaning of subjectivity of truth was another point of contention. Hegel derived his opinion from history, noting that each successive generation changed where their knowledge came from thus making it’s origin fluid and unabsolute. Kierkegaard derived his opinion from within, another point of existentialism, and thought that truth was something an individual must discuss from within and be wholly passionate with the decision. Nevertheless, both resulted in the conclusion that truth is not absolute, but Hegel regarded the Truths of humanity with prominence, while Kierkegaard conversely regarded the truths of an individual as much more
In the “Story of an Hour” we observe many instances in which irony takes place.
Nietzsche and Kierkegaard are both considered to be the top existentialists for solely different reasons, as well as being very different from each other. They have different philosophies when it comes to their thoughts on religion and it is important to see exactly how they line up in this regard. The best way to do this is to start from the beginning of each’s work, their history and how they grew into their respective roles in their fields. It is also important to note exactly what existentialism is. It is the theory of exercising the idea that the individual has the freedom and free will to develop their own path and existence in a responsible manner. It is a very interesting subject that is debated on the concepts of thinking in absolutes. The need to compare and contrast these two is a volatile understanding of this particular philosophical theory. It is also important to review their thoughts and critique them in the sense of saying what makes sense, and what does not make sense.
In the book Hamlet by Shakespeare, irony is used numerous times in order to give the reader insight on what is going on. As stated in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, irony is an action that is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. If this strategy were not included in this drama, it would take away the whole purpose. This play would consist of no suspense and would be extremely boring to the reader because the characters would know as much as the readers know. This allows for incite to what can happen in the future or what has happened in the past. The irony in this play ultimately revolves around Hamlet and his plan to achieve revenge with Claudius. From the play that Hamlet organizes
In this essay, I will try to summarize, analyze and discuss several pages of Søren Kierkegaard’s Training in Christianity. I will try to focus on his approach to sacred history, a general Christian history and Christianity, which he discusses in this work in relation to faith in God. In other parts of this essay I will attempt also to relate these pages of his work to some key ideas of Kierkegaard’s theology and philosophy and support this with some concrete quotations from the text. In the end I will very briefly compare different philosophies of Hegel and Kierkegaard and try to relate Kierkegaard’s work to a few topics, which
"Irony is a device that protects him (the artist) from the pain of his experience so that he may use it objectively in his art(Susquehanna. "New Critical")." In The Glass Menagerie, it is ironic how Tom speaks badly of his father and his leaving home but in the end he leaves home just like his father, the man "in love with long distances (Williams 30)''. The fact that Amanda wants what is best for her children is ironic because she worries so much over it that she doesn't realize what is best for them.
Elie Wiesel has experienced a horrible tragedy. When he repeatedly says over and over “Never shall I forget…” he emphasizes his fear of what he has seen. He drills into the reader how traumatized he is. This creates sympathy and makes the reader feel worse for Mr. Wiesel. Dramatic irony gives the reader an advantage over the characters. This form of irony is where the reader knows something that the characters do not. “(Poor father! Of what then did you die?)” (page 11) During this scene in the book Elie's father has given the news to the other Jews that they are all required to wear the yellow star. His father said “‘ The yellow star? So what? It’s not lethal…’” (page 11) This is ironic because the star is what killed nearly all of the Jewish people. Hate killed a countless number of innocent people because of their beliefs. This is the dramatic Irony. Everything that Elie Wiesel uses to create his autobiography makes it more that just a page taught
Although the problem of the relationship between Nietzsche and metaphysics might seem to be a settled issue, this is in fact a quite complicated and fascinating problematic. The difficulty with this subject lies in the often unacknowledged ambiguity that the term ‘metaphysics’ exhibits in Nietzsche's writing, as this word assumes different nuances and connotations in different contexts. Therefore, if we can get past the usual rhetoric on the topic, we come to realize that Nietzsche addresses the topic of metaphysics in at least two distinct ways.
German philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 – 1831) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) have traditionally been viewed as polar opposites in terms of their philosophy. Hegel has been dubbed an idealist and a systematic philosopher who identified various different types of History, theoretical entities and concepts. Nietzsche, on the other hand, is seen to be a counter-Enlightenment and counter-systematic philosopher who penned the well-known text, ‘Genealogy of Morals’. In this essay, I aim to bring to light the underlying similarities between the two thinkers that have previously been overlooked, as well as to identify the differences in Hegel and Nietzsche’s ideologies and presuppositions.
In my written assignment, I am focusing on the irony brought out in the novel. Irony brings out the purpose of the story along with adding creativity and originality to the story. Henrik Ibsen has employed both, conscious and unconscious irony in the characters of the book. The types of irony used in this play are: dramatic, verbal and situational irony. Dramatic irony is one of the parts of irony brought in throughout the play. It is a type of irony, which is expressed through a work's structure which is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. Ibsen has focused on employing most of the irony in the relationship between Nora and Torvald. Ibsen has brought out an ironic twist in Nora’s character when she transforms from a submissive to an independent woman.