Kilifi Against Malaria Research Paper

Brian, G, Y., Greenwood, D, A., Fidock, Dennis, E, K., Stefan, H, I. Kappe, P., Alonso, L., Frank, H and Collins, P (2008) “Malaria progress and prospects for eradication.” Journal Clinical Investiment. 118: 1266-1276.

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

Aim - To explore the impacts Malaria has on citizens of developing countries which are effect by the disease.

Even though malaria is preventable and cure able, the mosquito born disease killed 584,000 people in 2013, with 90% of the deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the victims, 83% were children below the age of five.

There have been many attempts at preventing malaria, none of which have been very successful. These have usually involved protecting human beings from mosquitoes, the dreaded carriers

Malaria claims more lives than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis. Over 200 million cases worldwide are reported each year. According to the World Health Organization Research, Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the parasite plasmodium (WHO, 2011). It is a life-threatening disease transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Unfortunately, an estimated death toll of 1 million African children is reported. Thus this paper will aim to further define this condition while describing clinical manifestations and preventive

Despite the significant gains made in reducing malaria in Ghana, this disease remains a major public heath

According to the Malaria Vaccine Institute, almost 600 million people suffer from malaria each year, and more than one million people die from this disease every year, the most deaths come from children younger than five. Malaria is endemic to over 100 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and the South Pacific, around 40% of the world population. Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transferred by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The most deadly form of malaria is known as Plasmodium falciparum because almost all deaths from malaria are caused by this specific one. In addition to being the deadliest form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum destroys red blood cells along with causing complications with the kidneys, lungs, and brain. In more serious cases, it can cause permanent neurological effects and even death. As the Nobel Assembly said at the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, “Diseases caused by parasites have plagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing”. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria by killing the malaria parasites an early stage of their development.

Malaria is a life-threatening disease that is caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted from female mosquitos when they bite a human. The plasmodium parasite can also be transmitted by blood products like unclean needles or unscreened blood. There are five parasite species (Plasmodium, falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae) that cause malaria in humans, and two of these species, P. falciparum and P. vivax, are the greatest threat (see Figure 1). The severity of malaria is based on the species of plasmodium. The symptoms people experience include chills, fever, and sweating usually occurring within a few weeks after being bitten. In the United States, it is a very rare disease with fewer than 20,000 cases per year, and is treatable by a medical professional. However, Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 88% of malaria cases and 90% of malaria deaths. P. falciparum is the most prevalent parasite on the African continent and is responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. P. vivax is more widely distributed than P. falciparum and predominates in most countries outside of Africa. In the 1970s and 1980s, resistance of P. falciparum started in medicines, such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Drug resistance has been implicated in the spread of malaria to new areas and re-emergence of malaria in areas where the disease had been eradicated. Population movement has introduced resistant parasites to areas previously free of drug resistance. Resistance is

The United Nations has declared 2000-2010 the "decade to roll back malaria." The social, economic and human effects of this disease are dramatic: 40% of the world's population is currently at risk for malaria, and it kills an African child every 30 seconds(7). The presence of malaria, as that of most other endemic tropical diseases, is directly related to the precarious living conditions of people in developing countries, but is also a cause that hinders growth and development, "In Africa today, malaria is understood to be both a disease of poverty and a cause of poverty." (6). This essay aims to show the connections between disease and society in specific regards to malaria, as well as the need for a

Malaria is a major public health problem in most of the tropical regions of the world including Papua New Guinea (PNG). As stated by Allen et al., 1996 “In many tropical and sub-tropical regions, malaria remains a major cause of mortality” (Allen et al., 1996: pg1). In Papua New Guinea, being at the risk of getting infection is very high because studies reported that 90% of the total population are at the risk of being infected (Pulford, 2012: pg1). As a result, the highest out patients complains reported in PNG is malaria and is one of the leading cause of deaths, even it’s a preventable and curable disease (Pulford, Mueller et al., 2012: pg1). It will take a long time to eliminate malaria in PNG because of the geography of the country. There are a lot of swampy areas creating an environment conducive for the anopheles mosquito to breed. Therefore, malaria can only be controlled. Control measure such as vector control and personal protection have been carried out in the last eight years by the PNG National Department of Health (NDoH) under the Global Fund to fight AIDs, tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) program (Hetzel, Gideon et al., 2012: pg2) however, there seem to still be a need for increased net usage across the country. Therefore, is the intervention in encouraging Insecticide Treated mosquito nets usage among febrile patients in PNG effective?

Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is the leading cause of death in many developing countries. Young children and pregnant woman are the groups that are the most affected by this disease. Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for causing over a million deaths each year and between 300-500 cases. In total, that is over 3.3 billion people who are at risk from malaria. This is almost half of the world’s population (World Health Organization’s World Malaria Report, 2013). Out of those

of larval development sites, and limited means of treating wastewater and waste, this kind of disease happens. As a result, the spread of malaria in rural areas has dropped sharply without corresponding decline in urban areas. For example, the proportion of malaria cases in urban areas has increased in many parts of India.The proportion of people living in urban areas are increasing every year, which becomes the main reason.In addition, the social and economic factors that contribute to urban malaria are similar to those that cause malaria among countryside people.

The treatment of malaria is governed by a variety factors which determine the ability to successfully eradicate this disease. It is important to treat malaria as soon as possible if experiencing the related symptoms. Identifying the species of parasite is a major factor when deciding the correct treatment to use, the location of infection is equally important as well. In certain areas of the world, treatment with antimalarial drugs has become ineffective due to resistance of the parasite. Therapy with antimalarial drugs is the lone treatment that will successfully eliminate the disease. These can be administered as a monotherapy, where resources are limited, and as a more effective combination therapy. In most cases administration is

With modern ACTs, only about 1 in 500 cases of malaria results in death. (Gallagher, 2017)