Kim Campbell's Rape Shield Law

Hilary Clinton was invited to speak at the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women on September 5, 1995,where delegates from

In September 2003 then President Bush signed into law the Prison Rape Elimination Act or (PREA). It is the first law of

The central issue of the Duke rape case includes Duke University student, Crystal Mangum, as the accuser of several Duke University lacrosse players of having committed sexual assault during a party that the players held in their house, which allegedly followed a stripping job Crystal Mangum performed for the players. After the allegation, a sexual assault kit was conducted and processed. Following the processing, it was found that none of the Duke University lacrosse players’ DNA was found in the sexual assault test kit. However, multiple other men’s DNA was found in the sexual assault test kit. With this knowledge, Durham District Attorney, Mike Nifong, continued to pursue the case, ignoring the results of the DNA sexual assault kit.

Last week, the White House released a short, celebrity packed, 60-second public service announcement (PSA) on the topic of sexual assault. 1 is 2 Many addressed those who are in control of preventing sexual assault as its intended audience was those who can put a stop to sexual violence: the perpetrators or would-be offenders. Although this one minute announcement completed the task of bringing sexual assault to the forefront of discussion, it failed to encompass the central issues concerning the culture of sexual assault: societal misperceptions, the victims, and the justice system. Sexual assault is a phenomenon that has been around for centuries; the culture of sexual assault is rooted in both legal practices and societal perceptions.

Laws, policies, rules, and standards have been put in place to regulate the behaviors of all individuals and keep everyone safe. When those laws or policies are not followed, people’s safety become jeopardized, peoples’ rights get violated, and individuals become victims and criminals. Every state has its own laws concerning different types of crimes. Each state has a different sentencing system in place for people who break the laws. Aside from state laws, there are also federal laws that can deal with criminals that break the laws on a federal level. There are many resources available to victims that can help them with physical, emotional, and psychological issues that may arise after being victimized.

From February 23, 1990, to January 3, 1993, Kim Campbell served as Canada's first female attorney general(Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1992 Kim introduced Bill C-17 which talked about gun safety and storage and tighter restrictions. “ There are certain things in gun control that have a certain public appeal, but when you're legislating you need to look at the research on what works, what doesn't, and what really has an impact, recognizing you're never going to do away entirely with gun violence “(http://www.azquotes.com) Unfortunately, this movement did not go so well with the Conservative party and did not get very far. From January 4, 1993, to June 24, 1993, Kim Campbell served as Canada's first female Minister of National Defense.(The Prime Ministers of Canada T. Martin) She went to a NATO meeting for defence ministers that had many ministers from the previous Warsaw Pact nations. She had a good team working with her while in this

Sexual assault occurs every two minutes in the United States. Sexual violence against women is still endemic in the United States. Statistics show nearly one in five women have been sexually assaulted. Managing sex offenders is still an issue in the criminal justice system. Repeat offenders are extremely difficult to monitor. The national legislature monitoring system contains an absence of effective research in monitoring sex offenders. Sexual offender registration and notification Act (SORNA) operates in all the US states and territories. The objective is to monitor and track sex offenders by law enforcement. Also they provide information to the public and the communities about the offenders. For example, the National registry allows the public to be informed of a registered offender and their demographics.

Many cases throughout time have not resulted in a conviction being made, for the sole reason that the charges exceeded the statute of limitations. The statue of limitations is defined as “the maximum amount of time allowed for a party to initiate legal proceedings”(Legal dictionary, 2016). Present day, every state is entitled to their own statute of limitations on rape and sexual assault. 34 States currently have a statutes of limitations on rape/sexual assault. Some of these states have a statute of limitations but there is a DNA exemption rule, ruling that if a DNA match is made later than the statute then that case will be exempt from the statute of limitations. Only 16 states have no statute of limitations for rape and sexual assault (Filipovic, 2016, p .A23).

The struggle for women to be treated equally as humans never ends. In fact, great strides have been made since the mid-19th century: the first organization to advocate for and draw the world’s attention to females’ equality – namely the International Council of Women – was formed by the U.S and several countries in Europe. And, fortunately, dedication to pursuing women’s rights is still unchanging even at present. Hillary Clinton, a well-known American politician, has devoted her career to supporting women: selected as the first chair of the American Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession, she aimed to provide all women equality and to secure their full and equal political participation in democracy. At the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women’s Plenary Session, held in Beijing, China, in 1995, Hillary Clinton’s effective use of repetition in her speech, “Women’s Rights are Human Rights,” calls the general public’s attention to the importance of women’s equality, emphasizing women’s worldwide contribution and the violence from which women have suffered.

On one night in September 1931 Mrs. Thalia Massie the wife of Lt. Thomas H. Massie was found badly beaten and wandering about on Ala Moana Road. At the same time, five local men- two Hawaiians, two Japanese, and a Chinese Hawaiian- also known as the Kalihi Gang, were arrested for assault and battery. Mrs. Massie identified Joseph Kahahawai, Henry Chang, David Takai, Benny Ahakuelo, and Horace Ida as the people who had attacked and raped her. The Kalihi Gang was arrested and put on trial for rape. The police investigation was not done properly.

The Superior Court ruling of In RE: N.C. failed to protect sexually exploited children according to the CASE Act. The court’s ruling overlooked section 1161 that safeguarded sexually exploited minors as victims of human traffickers, and not delinquents. The initial court ruling did not abide by the CASE Act and instead tried the minor under the juvenile court with two counts of prostitution. The Court of Appeals found that the court’s decision was misguided because it contradicted the CASE Act’s efforts to defend sexually exploited minors.

She is standing up various other important issues which will make the United State of America a better place to deserve the rights and freedom and strengthen the power of all the people living here in this great

She argued for certain regulations, such as fighting for abortion to be banned after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Unfortunately, she failed to prove her point to the Senate. In her speech at the rally on July 1, 2013, she talks about the previous filibuster and she called it “the crux of a turning point in Texas History”. The importance of the date of the “Stand with Texas Women” speech is that it was only a few days after her filibuster in the Senate. It was beneficial for her to be able to further the points from the filibuster, by talking directly to the Texas women and men who attended the rally.

Rape Shield Laws Facing with much criticism from women’s group with the legal definitions of rape and how rape cases are being processed in the legal system, the government is forced to pass a Rape Law reform in the 1970s. Rape law reform urging courts to treat rape case the same as other crimes, rape law reforms modified traditional rape laws and ratified evidentiary reforms in every state in the United States. The most common and widespread changes occurred in three areas. First, rape was redefined so that there was no longer a single crime of rape.

As the most prominent charge to come here, rape was originally defined by Hume as: “the knowledge of the woman’s person forcibly and against her will”. Rape was then defined in the current edition of Gordon as: “the carnal knowledge of a female by a male person obtained by overcoming her will”. However, both definitions have been long replaced by the current definition set out in the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009, which differs quite significantly from Hume’s and Gordon’s definitions, to one of a more practical approach. In section one of the 2009 Act it defines the charge of rape as the penetration by an individual’s penis, of the vagina, anus or mouth without the consent of the second individual and without any knowledge that the second individual is consenting or is reckless to whether consent has taken place. Hume’s old law definition was gender specific and required force for the crime of rape to be