In 1054, Henry IV was crowned king of Germany. Later, in 1084, he became the Holy Roman emperor as well. While he and Pope Gregory VII reigned, the conflict between monarchs and the Church erupted. Henry IV, as the emperor, presented bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their office. But Pope Gregory banned him from doing it, which in turn made him angry. In 1076, Gregory excommunicated Henry, which freed his subjects from their allegiance to him. Afterwards, in 1077, he presented himself to the pope as a repentant sinner and the pope forgave him. He showed his forgiveness by lifting the order of excommunication. But Henry still took revenge on Gregory by leading an army to Rome and forcing the pope into exile. Finally, in 1122,
People gain power through acts of honor, effective leaders take action and help others on the other hand some lie to attain power and use it to benefit themselves and their cores. King Henry the fourth written by Shakespeare revolutionized the way in which play are written and presented through iambic pentameter allowing the play to consistently have ten syllables per line allowing the play to run smoother. A few good men directed by Rob Reiner in 1992 presents a story of injustice as Marines are wrongly accused of murder through lies and politics. Through each character we see how politics affect some aspect of their lives, through various false accusations truths begin to emerge causing great disruption to the hierarchy.
He proclaimed a jubilee year, in which thousands of pilgrims came to Rome, leaving massive amounts of money behind. Then the papacy began to unravel; Pope Boniface VIII excommunicated Philip IV, King of France, who in turn kidnapped the Pope and held him hostage. As a result of his captivity, Pope Boniface VIII died miserably. His successor, Benedict XI, lived for only a short while, and after his death the papal election was deadlocked. The College of the Cardinals finally elected Clement V, a Frenchman, as pope. He then moved to Avignon, which was essentially in France. Seven successive popes ruled out of Avignon; their reigns lasting almost 70 years. Pope Gregory XI then moved to Rome, ending the Avignon papacy. The College of Cardinals then selected Pope Urban VI as pope, but then they regretted it and elected another pope, Pope Clement VII, who moved back to Avignon. The rival popes and their successors continued to rule separately until Pope Martin V was elected by an ecunemiel council. The events of the 14th century weakened the papacy, and some started to see its hypocrisy. The stage was set for an attack on papal power, but not merely its temporal power, as before. The spiritual authority of the Pope as the Vicar of Christ, was about to be under
Henry VII took the throne after a battle against the former king Richard III whose forces outnumbered Henrys by two to one. Henry VII had a couple of big problems, one of them was that there were people that had a stronger claim to the throne than he did, his only claim was that god let him win the battle, therefore the nobility didn’t respect him at the beginning of his reign. Another of the problems he faced was the fact that he feared a lot
During the period between 1538 and 1546, there was a lot of religious dispute between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholics wanted to retain their traditional practices and beliefs, whereas the Protestants believed in sola scriptura; that the Bible and other holy texts had supreme authority.
Henry II (1133 - 1189) was the grandson of Henry I, but only became king after having invaded England in 1153 and forcing his second cousin, King Stephen to make him heir. He was only able to invade due to his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, as it made him Lord of Aquitaine and gave him more power and influence in France. His succession to the throne in 1154 made him commander of an empire which stretched from northern Scotland to south-western Europe. He made various significant changes to the empire during his rule. He controlled the power of the Church and set in place various legal reforms which became the basis for the legal system still used today. He was known for being ruthless and having a very bad temper, which were some of the
The German King, Otto I was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII in 962, officially recognising the German Kings as successors to the Carolingians, and by extension, the Roman Empire of old. It was during the Salian dynasty however, which replaced the Ottonian dynasty in 1024, that the first conflict between the papacy and the empire would take place. Pope Gregory VII vocally objected to the practice of secular kings appointing individuals to ecclesiastical offices, leading to the Investiture Controversy between Gregory and King Henry IV. Henry had his bishops excommunicate Gregory, who, in response, declared Henry both excommunicate and deposed. Henry managed to defeat the anti-king Rudolf of Swabia, chosen by the prince-electors, but was eventually
Shakespeare’s ‘King Henry IV Part I’ centres on a core theme of the conflict between order and disorder. Such conflict is brought to light by the use of many vehicles, including Hal’s inner conflict, the country’s political and social conflict, the conflict between the court world and the tavern world, and the conflicting moral values of characters from each of these worlds. This juxtaposition of certain values exists on many levels, and so is both a strikingly present and an underlying theme throughout the play. Through characterization Shakespeare explores moral conflict, and passage three is a prime example of Falstaff’s enduring moral disorder. By this stage in the play Hal has
King Henry VIII was one of the most powerful rulers in the fifteenth century, who had a very captivating life many people are not aware of. Most people know Henry VIII as a berserk king with too many wives, but there is more to Henry VIII than that. Many few people know about his life and what he truly contributed to our world. Henry VIII was an almighty leader in England who won’t soon be forgotten.
Henry was elected on 27th November 1308, following an interregnum that had lasted over three decades. After the death of the German king Albert I, King Philip IV of France instigated a campaign to get his brother, Charles of Valois, elected as the new emperor. The prince-electors, having grown increasingly independent with the prolonged absence of a crowned ruler, were reluctant to relinquish this independence to an imperial candidate with any semblance of actual authority, let alone one with links to the French monarchy. King Philip had assumed the support of the French Pope Clement V in this matter. In reality though, Clement, as with the electors, was unwilling to see such an expansion of the Capetians’ power. These fears gave Henry’s
King Henry had threatened France because he believed he was the rightful king to all of England and France. The king of France did not want to give up the crown and mocked Henry’s childhood. A very Christian belief it that thou shall not kill. King Henry did just that, he went to war with France and invaded Harfleur and Agincourt
In 1405, King Henry IV got sick and Prince Hall took over most of his duties until his death in 1413. Prince Hal became King, took on the name of King Henry V. King Henry V fell into his role as king quickly, and got involved in other battles prior to the Battle of Agincourt that prepared him for that battle (Middle-Ages.org).
Once a Frankish king, Charlemagne was declared the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in the West by Pope Leo III, whom he defended in a vicious legal battle (153). This, of course, incited fury in the East, as the Pope did not truly possess this authority, causing the divide between the Eastern and Western Christianity to grow further and become more volatile (154). Consequently, when Charlemagne sent a marriage proposal to Irene and Irene considered accepting, her subjects quickly overthrew her (154). As invaders continued to flood the Byzantine Empire, faith in Iconoclasm finally shattered and the destruction of icons was officially condemned (158-158).
Henry was born in North West France on 4 March 1133. His parents were Count of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. In 1150 - 1151, Henry became ruler of Normandy and Anjou, after the death of his father. In 1152, he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, who was a great t heiress in western Europe. In 1153, Henry moved to England in order to persue his claim to the throne that was being held by his family member. He made an agreement to succeed Stephan after his death. After Stephan’s death, Henry began to restore order. With the help of his chancellor Thomas Becket, the two started to reorganize the judicial system. With the introduction of The Assize of Clarendon, there were promises to give fast and clear verdicts, enrich the treasury
When Henry VIII ascended to the throne in 1509, he became yet another English monarch without absolute power over his realm. Despite not having the same authority as his contemporary European monarchs, Henry was the recipient of two very important prerequisites for a successful reign. The first was a full treasury and the second was a peaceful transfer of power, which had been anything but certain in England since the War of the Roses. At first he was content to enjoy the fruits of his father’s labor, but ultimately he sought glory in his own name. Henry plunged into needless conflict in Europe, eliminated anyone who opposed him, and became so obsessed with securing a male heir that he engineered a split with the Catholic Church. It was
Alexius Comnenus pleaded help from Pope Urban II in reconquering his lost territory, in hope that he would receive western mercenaries to assist with the fighting. However Urban saw this as an opportunity to reassert and expand his power along with the papacy’s authority, which had recently been challenged by the lay nobility in particularly by the Holy Roman emperor, Henry IV whose power drove the Pope from Italy to France. In trying to reassert his authority Urban’s response to Alexius Comnenus united the factious Christians at the west through the concept of a holy war which in turn resulted in his political power and created the authority Urban wanted to establish. Pope urban used his religious influence and highly respected position to