Imogene King's Theory Three System

In the short story “Totem” by Thomas King, the relationship between the totem pole and the museum workers is predominantly negative. The relationship between the totem pole and the museum workers is depicted as being overpowering, authoritative, and entitled when the workers unceasingly try to remove the totem pole from the museum. Ultimately, the totem pole symbolizes the struggles, resilience, and perseverance of the Indigenous people in Canada.

Nursing theory is the pillar of nursing. It is very important in the application of evidence-based practice (EBP). The functions of a theory are to narrow and provide specific information for the analysis of initially confusing behaviors, situations, and events (Fawcett & Madeya 2013). As a matter of fact, nursing theory gives the nurse a framework for organizing and analyzing information as well as a base for identifying with their patients throughout the nurse-patient relationship (Schick, 2015). I am very much interested in all the theories but, the one that I relate to the most is Hildegard Peplau’s theory. It is a middle range theory that focuses on interpersonal relations. This theory teaches us how

Hildegard Peplau’s middle-range theory, Interpersonal Relations, established in 1948 and highlighted the nurse-patient relationship as the groundwork of nursing practice. Peplau supports each role individually, the nurse and the patient, by ensuring that equal participation is implemented to reach a mutual goal. For example, the role of the patient reflects vulnerability and the expectation to be open to the health care providers throughout care and treatment plan. Subsequently, the nurse is supposed to facilitate a reciprocated relationship by noting the client’s behavior, defining the client’s illness, creating the most proper care for the client, understanding the physician’s treatment plan and confirming it, and intervening when required (Sue Penckofer, 2013).

This theory describes the different phases that a nurse-client relationship goes through. The phases that my patient and I will most likely be working in are the orientation and the identification phases because our relationship will be new. Our interaction will focus on building a mutual trust and understanding, as well as answer basic questions as to why my patient is here and things that she has been struggling with. Depending on how long my patient has been in the program, she may be open to exploring more of her feelings and sharing more about herself with me. Focusing on developing a good nurse-client relationship will help me during my interaction with my patient and will help me understand her needs better.

As a nurse, an important part of the job is to be caring and helpful for the physical and mental aspects of the patient. The ideas of Jean Watson 's Caritas Processes help define how a nurse can show caring in themselves to their patients. Watson names the eight processes; then define they mean which is key to understanding how a nurse should act to their patients. The book as We Are Now by May Sarton helps show some examples of how these processes work in action and helps to form ideas of how one can improve as a nurse in the future.

King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was proposed in the 1960s and published in 1981. It was derived from her conceptual system which presented in 1968, and incorporates the concept of self, perception, growth, development, time, interaction, communication, role, and coping. The Theory of Goal Attainment is a practice methodology based on the nurse and patient setting goals together, and the nurse assisting the patient to meet these goals they set for their health (Caceres, 2015). These interactions between the nurse and patient are the process in which the professional relationship develops, mutual goals are set, and actions are planned to achieve these goals. It is an interaction-transaction process and is based on the nursing

On a cultural, economic and political level, Egypt has been largely shaped by the idiosyncrasies of its various rulers. Egypt’s first leap towards becoming an advanced civilisation began with King Narmer’s unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Although the first 200 years of Egypt’s unification do not appear to have been peaceful, cultural development accelerated ahead during the early dynasties. The tensions between the North and South throughout Egypt’s second dynasty continued to grow until Khasekhemwy’s ascension to the throne. As the last King of the Second Dynasty, he is widely recognised as the King that resolved the conflict between the two sides, however, how this was achieved is not known.

Nursing has many philosophies and theories that have been developed over time. In nursing, it is essential to understand the patient and the way that they experience health and illness in the healthcare setting. This understanding allows the nurses and the healthcare team to properly provide care to patients. This falls under that theory of symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism, a major sociological theory, relates symbolic meanings which individuals develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction. Symbolic interactionism examines the meanings developed from the mutual interaction of individuals in a social environment with other individuals and focused on the meanings and symbols from the interaction between people (Aksan et al., 2009). These meanings that are evolved from individuals are shared among other individuals as well.

King’s large system includes personal, interpersonal, and social systems that overlap. She postulated that nurses interact with patients through the lens of how nurses see the situation, while the patients have their own perceptions. Together they must communicate, set goals, and find ways to reach those goals (Alligood, 2010).

As nurses, utilizing the interactive-integrative paradigm, it is our job to establish a client-client system. In this system, the caregiver and the client address the five variables that compose a human being, physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual; along with their effects on the four meta-paradigms,

Conceptual frameworks of nursing model have provided the professional nurse a foundation for the development of individual practice. I have chosen an individual at my current placement to base the care plan on. The patient is a 45 year male who has been in and out of the ward for severe anxiety issues and my job is to build a therapeutic relationship so she can become more comfortable with herself and this would lead to an end result of socializing with others. In this assignment I examined the Peplau interpersonal relations model and the Neuman health care systems model. After an overview of the two models, a comparison of the models was presented, Neuman's model focuses on the person as a complete system, the subparts of

The theory sees a person as a system in which its parts interrelate with each other to form a whole to perform its functions. These interrelated and interdependent parts are called subsystem which is analyzed and described in term of structural and functional requirement. There are seven subsystems – attachment, attachment-affiliation, aggressive-protective, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, and sexual with each of them interrelated with the others and its environment for three functional requirements – protection, nurturance, and stimulation. The four structural elements of the subsystem include the following: drive (the ultimate cause of behavior), set (a tendency or predisposition to act in a certain way), choice (behavior to use in a certain situation) and action (behavior of an individual). These requirements must be met through a person’s efforts or with the outside assistance of the nurse to maintain the integrity of the behavioral system.

Betty Neuman System Model (NSM), a grand theory, provides a comprehensive guide to nursing research, practice, education and administration. More so, this system model has the probability of unifying health-related theories through intervention and patient reaction to stressors. It views the patient as an open system that responds to stressors in the environment. The patient variables are physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual. The NSM has been acknowledged for its relevance and consistency and has been used in various clinical and educational settings for having a multidimensional and holistic systemic perspective (Whetsell et al, 2013).

Peplau was most widely known for her pronounced belief in interpersonal relations theory in nursing. In that theory, she felt that the patient and the nurse would develop an interpersonal therapeutic relationship that would deliver a desirable outcome for the patient. From the viewpoint of Peplau, caring for a patient involves the nurse, the patient, and the understanding relationship that develops between them. There were two ultimate goals that needed to be achieved, the patient’s survival and the patient’s acknowledgement of his or her condition and ways of prevention. Within the interpersonal relationship, the nurse learns about her patient through assessment, treatment, and evaluation, therapeutically. Peplau stated that the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship develops over four phases: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.

It is also used in diverse practice in global setting. It is used to guide practices to meet patient and family needs of patients in critical acute and chronic healthcare problems. It is a holistic approach that allows the nurse to conduct nursing practice base on nursing theory where by allowing individuals and families to meet their health needs that demonstrate optimum clinical nursing practice. It is a holistic approach in the care of the patient and through directing nursing education and clinical practice the Betty Neuman System Model is used. However, the effective conceptual transition among all levels of nursing education and is the basis for continuing education after graduation facilitating professional growth. It validates nursing roles and activities and in the nursing practice. It is a widely used framework used in nursing research that guides enhancement of nursing