Kingdom Of Heaven Research Paper

The longbow has changed England’s history forever. Dating back to the 1300s the English used the longbow. In 1340 at the Battle of Sluys the English attacked packed French ships using the longbow and the French suffered tremendously. In 1346 after the Battle of Crecy the French had lost 11 princes, 1,200 knights, and 30,000 common soldiers, when the English only had lost 100 men. In the Battle of Poitiers in 1356, the longbow was used and killed about 2,000 mounted French knights of the elite French army.

The Templar knights were a catholic military order founded in 1119 by Papal Bull, of the Holy See. The group was active from 1129-1312. The Templar knights were in alliance with the pope, until the members were charged with numerous offence, including financial corruption, fraud, and secrecy. Many of the men accused confessed, due to the torture they were put through.

In Eleanor of Aquitaine’s letter to the general public, she announced the transfer of mills and houses to the Knights Templar. She supported and respected the importance of the Templar’s mission to protect the Christian citizens and Christendom. In addition to this property, Eleanor granted the Templar’s the ability to travel freely and thus, excluded them from traveling tolls. Eleanor granted this military order special rights and privileges because she viewed them as a valuable asset to provide her access to the Crusading movement and military support against the infidels. Eleanor obviously powerfully impacted the running of the country because she had the authority to control various privileges, including taxes and tolls.

Knights of the Crusade were honest men as well as men of many sins. They were bribed by the church in an inconspicuous manner to fight in a war they deemed blessed by God. The priest of the Catholic

At first they helped pilgrims reach the Holy Land. King Baldwin II of Jerusalem with help from a French knight Hugues de Payens created the order and gave them their headquarters at the Temple of Solomon. This is how the Knights of Templar name came to be the Poor Knighthood of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, or in short the Templars. In 1129 the Knights received the formal endorsement of the Church. The rules of St. Benedict of Nursia was a model for the Templar’s rule.

At the battles of Crécy (1346), Poitiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415), English armies killed and pushed through dozens of troops with the longbow as their main weapon of defense. Giant barrages of arrows are fired from the archers that fill the skies with giant dark clouds of arrows raining on the enemy troops. The longbow helped the english win and conquer many wars and battles. The most famous of the battle, the 100 years war, was actually not won by the english but the longbow helped them control the battlefield. Although the longbow had about the same firing speed as the crossbow, The amount of speed and accuracy the longbow could put out was way more superior than that of the french troops.

Although the original Templar organization was eventually destroyed by a jealous and indebted King Philip of France in 1307, the Knight’s accomplishments and contributions to Europe have had such a profound effect that they continue to influence the modern world (Martin 123-124)#. Many Templar supporters and Knights escaped persecution and arrest in France by fleeing to Switzerland, Germany, Spain, and England. There, they continued their business activities underground or through other orders and names (Martin 140-141). From the original Templar banks grew the famous Swiss security and privacy based bank accounts of the extremely wealthy. Their banks no longer had the freedom it enjoyed during the Templar’s Golden Age, but its location in a neutral country with a highly organized military force gave patrons incentive to invest in Swiss Bank accounts (Sora 27).#

The group was founded in the year 1118 by Hugh de Payens, who later would become the first Grand Master of the Knight Templar. They are most widely recognized because of the red cross they wore on their tunics, though that right wasn’t given to the group until 1147 by Pope Eugene III (Biema). The knights were to protect people during their pilgrimage or travels to the Holy Land. The Knights had two groups.

While this is an excellent rule to abide by, it's rather ironic, in being that these knights fight in battles, while it's known that Christ despises of conflict and war. In addition, people during this time were known to be more Christian. This

Trebuchets were a big way of fighting in the 12th century. They got the kind of weapons they used right, they just did

: The structures that make up the Temple of Heaven are meant to signify the relationship between heaven and earth, more importantly the connection between the emperors and God. The through in It was believed that offerings made by the emperor to the Gods, would bring a flourishing harvests, as he was believed to be the closest being to god. The structure itself was built so majestically to represent it descending into heaven. The main ceremonies that were held within the hall were all on the basis of worshipping heaven and so it was believed by doing so, it would be seen as favorable to the gods, enough to be blessed with an abundance supply of harvests such as grain. The ceremonial interior of the hall was built in such a way as to emphasize

Companionship is evident in many novels, movies, poems and plays. Companionship is also resembled in everyday life. However, when did companionship begin? Was it created within our human nature? Or, was the knowledge of companionship developed over time? John Milton presents his knowledge of companionship in his poem, Paradise Lost. The poem presents many situations in which companionship is present in our human nature. He also presents other situations in which companionship is unobtainable due to certain circumstances. In a sense, companionship is inevitable, even if it is unnecessary or unequal.

“Out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues. They were dressed in clean, shining linen and wore golden sashes around their chests,” Revelation 15:6 (Buursma, Manikas-Foster). In Paradise Lost, a notorious angel, Lucifer, is said to transform into a toad and whisper into Eve`s ear (Jance). The world and the Bible have contrasting perspectives on what angels look like or what is an angel`s purpose. Angels are seen as mystical creatures with halos and beautiful wings, yet, also seen as beings that glorify God endlessly. So, what does an angel really look like? Do angels even exist? Are they made up creatures in movies? The world`s perspective and the Bible`s perspective on angels do not wholly match;

If you are in a rush to attend a very important meeting and you can not find a parking spot, would you risk parking your car in a restricted zone if you knew the fee would only be 25 dollars? Would you reconsider taking the risk of parking your car there if the ticket would be 500 dollars? If the consequences of an action are severe, how many people would take the risk of taking that action? If the penalty to pay for taking other people’s lives was death, would fewer people take the risk of committing such a crime? Life is the most precious possession one holds. When another human brutally robs another of this gift, it is the most heinous of all crimes. It is only justice if the punishment fits the crime committed, and for murder, the

Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer and poet that was prevalent in the 14th century and is known for being one of founders of the Ars Nova musical style. The Ars Nova musical style is characterized as being the integration of complex rhythms and polyphony of secular music, and its genre is translated into ‘New Art.’ Overall this type of music is known for the advancements made toward rhythmic notation, which was greatly criticized at the time by the church. Furthermore, Gullaume de Machaut was born in the 1300’s in was born in the village of Machault in Champagne, near Reims, France. Nothing is known for certain about his family or social status, except for the fact that he had a brother named Jean, who also became a canon of Reims cathedral. In his early years, Machaut was first working as a cleric in the household of King John of Bohemia, but was eventually promoted to the position of secretary in 1323. While in the service of King John, Machaut had the opportunity to travel to places such as Poland, Lithuania, Italy, and Prussia as the king was often involved in military campaigns. He was first able to become involved with music when he accompanied the King John as a trouvère, which can be considered a court musician or poet. At this point in his life he had the opportunity to write poems and songs regarding love and even sought out several woman while doing so. King John was a prominent figure in the 14th century as he was the son of a German emperor and was