Knee Joint Research

The knee is a hinge joint which is needed for movement. The joint is made by the femur and the tibia, and also contains the patella which acts as a shield for the joint. In knees with osteoarthritis, the cartilage on the ends of the bones deteriorates, causing the bones to rub against each other. X-rays can be used for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis; the images would reveal damage and other changes related to osteoarthritis. With osteoarthritis of the knees, the patient would experience progressively increasing pain, stiffness, and they would

These muscles begin at the ischial tuberosity, which is at the bottom of the pelvis. The muscles meet at the knee joint and end at the lower leg, where they are joined together through connective tissue that attach the tendons to the bones like double-sided tape. The hamstring muscle groups work to help extend the leg back and provide motion at the knee. Due to the crossing

The purpose of this article is to compare the laxity and stiffness of the knee joint in male and female cadavers. Three different directions will be evaluated, anterior-posterior, internal-external, and varus-valgus. Females are at a two to eight times greater risk of an ACL injury than a male. This is due to the laxity in the joints. Females also have limited proprioception in the knee joint, which may attribute to some injuries. This study used a technique using cadaver knees to complete this study.

First and foremost, your knee has four ligaments. The ligaments line up your bones and help control the way you move. It prevents the shins from moving too far forward. ACL injuries sometimes requires surgery.

The ACL originates from the medial and anterior aspect of the tibial plateau and runs superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly toward its insertion on the lateral femoral condyle. Together with the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the ACL guides the instantaneous center of rotation of the knee, therefore controlling joint kinematics. To a lesser degree, the ACL checks extension and hyperextension. The ACL is not as strong as the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and it is less strong at its femoral origin than at its tibial insertion. Muscles surrounding the knee joint contribute to knee stabilization during lower extremity movements.

Two other muscles have origin above the knee. The gastrocnemius muscle is a rather large muscle that has two heads of origin above the knee. The medial head originates just above the posterior medial condyle of the femur. The lateral head has its origin on the posterior lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur. These two heads come together to form a large muscle that

A test on the functional anatomy of the ACL by Amis showed that the different functional bundles of the ACL contribute to resisting anterior subluxation of the knee during flexion and extension. The ACL also plays a role in stabilization against rotatory loads (Petersen, 2006). Rotary loads occur in the knee when a force causes the turning of the tibia and/or femur inward or outward. Due to the connection of the ACL to both of these bones, it aids in stabilizing them and preventing their sliding (Tortora, 2009)

The knee joint is a hinge joint that connects the femur to tibia. The anterior muscles of the quadriceps and the posterior muscles of the hamstrings help stabilize the knee joint (Prentice & Bobo & Benson, 2014). The ACL consists of long rope like bands that fasten bones together to keep the knee stable. The ACL is one of four ligaments that stabilize the knee, and it is one of the most injured ligament in the knee. The medial and collateral ligaments run along the outside of the knee and prevent the knee from shifting side to side, and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located inside the knee and prevent the knee from shifting forward and backward (Prentice & Bobo & Benson, 2014). All these muscles and ligaments work together to keep our knee stabilized

The triangular shaped cartilage within the knee joint that assists with stabilizing, cushioning and transmitting weight across the joint is the meniscus. Several conditions related to the meniscus are visible on an MRI Scan.

Three bones meet to form the knee joint. These include the thighbone, or femur, the shinbone, or tibia, and the kneecap, or patella. These bones are connected to other bones by ligaments. There are four major ligaments in the knee. These ligaments include the Medial Collateral Ligament, or MCL, the Lateral Collateral Ligament, or LCL, the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, or ACL, and the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, or PCL.

The knee is a hinge joint which gives the legs mobility. The muscles and ligaments of this joint allows flexion and extension of the leg. “Because the knee supports the majority of the body weight, it is at risk of overuse and traumatic injuries” (France). The knee is composed of 3 major bones; the femur, tibia, and the fibula. The femur is the biggest bone in the human body, the inferior end flares out into two rounded landmarks called femoral condyles. Their name comes from the side of the body they are on, which is where we get Lateral Femoral Condyle and Media Femoral Condyle. Superiorly to these condlyes are the medial and lateral femoral epicondyles. The bones inferior to the femur are the Tibia and Fibula. The superior end of the Tibia flares out into slightly concave structures called the Tibial Plateaus. A crescent wedge shape of cartilage sits in each plateau. These are the Medial Meniscus and the Lateral Meniscus. This cartilage acts as a shock absorber and distributes forces. “The menisci are bathed by the synovial fluid of the knee” (France). The meniscus is what separates the each side of the Tibia and Femur and the transverse ligament connects each menisci. There is a circular bone on the

The quads include the rectus femoris, and the vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis. This muscle group shares a common tendon at insertion. The patellar tendon inserts at the tibial tuberosity, and within this tendon lies the patella. The patella is anterior to the femur-tibia articulation, and this sesmoid bone increases the leverage of the quads by acting as a pulley. The major contributor to the stability of the knee joint is the strength of the quads. The only muscle that assists in extension is the tensor fascia lata.

The hip, one of the largest major weight-bearing joints in the body. It’s where the thigh bone also known as the femur meets three other bones known as the pelvic bone. These bones create a ball and socket joint which is when a ball shaped bone (femur) articulates with cup shape cavity of another bone (pelvic bone). A ball and socket joint is also characterized as synovial joint. Synovial joints are more complex joints that are held together by a capsule of dense connective tissue and filled with synovial fluid that lubricates the joints. The joint capsule which is composed of large ligaments, tendons, and other muscles keeps the hip from dislocating. The head of the femur and the socket of the hip bone (acetabulum) is covered with articular

The knee joint consists of four ligaments, two intra-capsular which are the ACL and the PCL and two extra-capsular ligaments including the MCL and LCL. The ACL is an extremely strong stabiliser which prevents anterior displacement of the knee. The ACL is a ligament and therefore connects one bone to another, the femur with the tibia. The ACLs origin is from the anterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia (home,2017) and the fibres pass upwards, backward and laterally inserting into the lateral condyle of the femur.

It also enhances the knee’s ‘screw home mechanism’. (Liu-Ambrose et al.,2003). During extension, the quadriceps contract to extend the knee which creates passive tension in the ACL to prevent excessive anterior translation on the tibia from occurring (Nuemann., 2010). Therefore, if ruptured, the mechanism would be unable to occur due to too much anterior translation preventing the knee from ‘locking’ (Liu-Ambrose et al., 2003).