Kratom Research Paper

During the 1960s, this active alkaloid was found to help stop withdrawal symptoms associated with both opiates and heroin. Since that time, it has been a vital treatment for all types of addictions.

Addiction to these can happen if taken over a long period of time. Also, irritation of the stomach, liver damage and sleep disturbances as some

Possible side effects: “dry mouth, sedation, blurred vision (disturbance of accommodation, increased intra-ocular pressure), constipation, nausea, difficulty with micturition; cardiovascular side-effects (such as ECG changes, arrhythmias, postural hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, particularly with high doses); sweating, tremor, rashes and hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria, photosensitivity), behavioural disturbances (particularly children), hypomania or mania, confusion or delirium (particularly elderly), headache, interference with sexual function, blood sugar changes; increased appetite and weight gain (occasionally weight loss); endocrine side-effects such as testicular enlargement, gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea; also convulsions (see also Cautions), movement disorders and dyskinesias, dysarthria, paraesthesia, taste disturbances, tinnitus, fever, agranulocytosis, leucopenia, eosinophilia, purpura, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia

The reason that this drug can be so intense and dangerous is because it falls into the category II narcotics. Many commonly known narcotics include opium, morphine, and heroin. The addiction rate of any of these drugs is phenomenal. Narcotics are central nervous system depressants that relieve pain without causing the loss of consciousness. They can also produce feelings drowsiness, mental confusion and euphoria. The analgesic effects of narcotics result from the drugs’ effects on the emotional aspects of pain. Many patients that experience intense pain say that after the administration of the narcotic, their pain is as intense as ever but no longer as bothersome. Because narcotics block the emotional side effects of pain they make it much more bearable.

Throughout high school I have grown as an athlete and person. I have loved playing sports my whole life, but I have learned to love giving back to the community and youth even more. Although playing sports have taken me across the country and also brought much success and joy to me, nothing brings more pleasure than passing my skills and knowledge on to the youth here in Knappa.

Short-term effects are increased respiration, rapid heart rate, decreased appetite, increased physical activity, irregular heartbeat, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure (www.drugabuse.gov). The long-term effects include: skin sores, extreme weight loss, and severe dental problems, as well as higher risk of contracting infectious diseases (www.drugabuse.gov).

For thousands of years, opiates have been used in the treatment of pain. Opium is believed to have been discovered 6000 BC, and since then, it has had a huge impact on both medicine and the recreations of those seeking euphoria. More recent than the ancient discovery of natural opium are the derivatives of opium, such as the alkaloids morphine, codeine, and thebaine. From these alkaloids, semi-synthetic opiates can by synthesized, such as hydrocodone, and oxycodone. Synthetic opioids are also quite prevalent, which include fentanyl and tramadol. Opium can also be processed into heroin, a morphine derivative. As advancements were made in science and engineering to allow for a wider distribution and usage of opiates, the problems of dependence and overdose also increased drastically. According to Hart and Ksir (2013, p. 302), the invention of the hypodermic needle for intravenous administration of morphine and other drugs allowed for a much faster and more potent dose of the drug. With this increased potency came an increase in the possibility of a recreational intravenous user to overdose. Hart also mentions that some of the wars surrounding the era of the synthesis of morphine may have contributed to the rise of morphine, seeing as a medic soldier’s motto was always “first provide relief” (2013). This relief-driven attitude and extensive use of opioid analgesics in medicine during the time, in addition to the large amount of patent medicines and remedies on the market may

The potential complications if you do not stay compliant with the regimen are; low potassium which can lead to muscle cramps, weakness and fatigue, constipation, difficulty breathing, or an abnormal heart rhythm; Acute kidney failure

Even if the drug analgesic effect is strong, but long-term using has side effects. Non-opioid may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding. Kidney and liver dysfunction, cardiovascular toxicity and allergic reactions. The side effects of opioids may include constipation, itchiness, urinary retention, nausea, dizzy, etc. And then serious lead to coma, respiratory

Another type of drug is opiates. Some may ask, what are opiates? Opiates include a number or different drugs. These drugs include opium, morphine, their derivatives and compounds and their synthetic equivalents (Kazenback, p.212). Opiates have a great medical value; each opiate differs in their uses, effects, and addition potential (Kazenback, p.212). According to the author the most common types of opiates are morphine and codeine (Kazenback, p.212). Morphine and codeine are used for relief in pain and for treatment of cough (Kazenback, p.212). These drugs are usually prescribed from a medical professional out of medical setting such the hospital (Kazenback, p.212). Some drugs are focused on more than others. Kazenback states, “While the misuse or illicit use of some of these drugs has presented serious

Have you ever had to take a test, yet you couldn't do it in front of everybody? Some people have this feeling, except it happens everyday, and they get stressed easily, and almost freak out. Kaitlen Kropp feels this way too, since her school didn't have a sensory room. (A room where you can sit by yourself and calm down) She wanted to change that. She wanted to change that idea, not to just help her, but to help everybody in her school. This 17 year old Girl Scout Ambassador paved the idea of a sensory room by first talking to her principle, Kara Kendrick. “It's not always easy to make a plan or start on a project,” Kara stated. (Stressful)

Artemis' mother Leto was hounded throughout her pregnancy by the jealous goddess Hera but eventually found refuge on the floating island of Delos. There she gave birth to Artemis who assisted her mother as midwife with the birth of her younger twin-brother Apollon.<>

The most common side effects include bleeding gums, diarrhea, constant chills, loss of appetite, nausea, unusual weight gain or loss, and tingling hands. More serious side effects include delusions ("beliefs that are not true" dictionary.com), back or side pain, abnormal dreams, change of personality, lip smacking, irritability, and vomiting. The drug can also cause anxiety, rapidly changing moods, and hyperventilation. Less common side effects include small red- purple dots on the skin, yellow eyes, swollen joints, hair thinning, and excessive urination. Other less common side effects are puffy cheeks, loss of strength, loss of bladder control, and dizziness.

In any usage, ketamine should be given on an empty stomach to help prevent possible vomiting and aspiration.

The reported side effects include nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and ejaculatory disorder (Schatzberg & Nemeroff, 2013). The authors report that it may also cause hyponatremia in elderly patients or discontinuation syndrome if usage is stopped abruptly. Discontinuation syndrome can present as dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, or flu like symptoms which can be prevented by titrating down under the supervision of a professional (Schatzberg & Nemeroff,