Created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), COINTELPRO, a secret program to undermine the popular increase which swept the country during the 1960s. Though the name stands for "Counterintelligence Program," the targets were not enemy spies but political groups. The FBI’s main objective was to eliminate "radical" political opposition inside the US such as the Ku Klux Klan(KKK) and The Black Panther Party(BPP). When they failed at repressing these groups using traditional modes such as exposure, blatant harassment, and prosecution for political crimes, the Bureau took the law into its own hands and secretly used fraud and force to sabotage legal political activity. Its methods ranged far beyond just surveillance, and amounted to a …show more content…
Though the KKK was targeted, the FBI “was less enthusiastic about pursuing [the KKK] and did so chiefly because of political pressure resulting from the Klan's highly publicized murders of civil rights workers”. If the KKK was not targeted then it would look like the American government was condoning the murder of Civil Rights workers and activists. This would have had a greater impact on the people because it would have led them to believe that vigilante violence would be tolerated. Also when the former head of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover, was challenged by the President Johnson to prevent terror by suppressing Klan activity he responded by “launch[ing] an aggressive campaign of surveillance, harassment, infiltration, and intelligence collection”. In the wake of the Mississippi murders, FBI agents not only solved bombings, murders, and other acts of Klan vigilance, but also began to anticipate and prevent such acts through the use of informants, surveillance, and other counterintelligence techniques. Though the FBI was protecting many innocent lives, they broke many laws and performed many illegal actions during the time of …show more content…
Any evidence that was found on any party would not have been permissible in court and would have been thrown out for illegally obtaining the evidence. And even though its violent assaults and covert manipulation tactics eventually helped to push some of the most committed and experienced groups to withdraw themselves the damage that it did to groups that just protested for their constitutional rights is not something that can be overlooked. The fact that The Black Panthers came under fire at a time when their work featured free food and health care and community control of schools and police, and when they carried guns only for symbolic purposes. It was the actions of the FBI and police that eventually provoked the Panthers to retaliate with the armed actions that later were cited to justify their militant ways. Though the FBI denies it there is some circumstantial evidence that suggest that they helped militant groups such as the KKK to target political parties, but only the ones on their agenda. Today many articles and correspondence by the FBI pertaining to COINTELPRO have surfaced but there is still much that we do not know and for that reason it is hard to assess how much of an impact COINTELPRO had on the events of that time. Needless to say it played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement and all the parties involved including The Ku Klux Klan and The Black Panther
With increasing numbers of women going to work during the depression many Americans felt these women were taking jobs away from men. But in reality some women had to step in to be the bread winner when men were unable to clothe and feed their families. With many different criminal gang members looked upon as folk heroes the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was put together to show Americans right and wrong by removing them.
In August 1956, the Federal Bureau of Investigations began a program originally with the goal of causing disruption and defection within the Communist Party of the United States. This operation was named the Counter Intelligence Program, or COINTELPRO for short. Just a few months later, in October, the Black Panther party was included in COINTELPRO’s investigations by President Hoover. By the mid-1960s, the FBI was bugging Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s home and hotel rooms and sent him an anonymous package pressuring him to commit suicide. By the time the program was exposed and subsequently shut down in 1971, the program had infiltrated the Socialist Workers Party, the Ku Klux Klan, the Black Panther Party,
The Ku Klux Act gave the president great power to intervene with southern states affected by the Klan’s violent acts. Federal officials eventually arrested hundreds of people suspected to have been involved in the Klan and the violence then subsided. However, by this time, the Ku Klux Klan had achieved its main goals in the majority of the southern states and the white supremacist governments were then in firm control. Consequently, a variety of legal measures could be taken to suppress the blacks’ voting and civil rights.
From this document, it is clear that although after the Civil War the slavery had been abolished, people in the south still wanted to resurrect the “Old South”, and thus during the Reconstruction Era, the Ku Klux Klan was founded by a Confederate general and became known as the “invisible empire of the South” in which members represented the ghost of the Confederate dead returning to terrorize African Americans. We can see that to really achieve the union throughout the nation and eradicate racism, the U.S. still had a long way to go.
Despite the passage of time, since the creation and impact of the Ku Klux Klan and the Black Panther Party, their offspring organizations continue to have an impact upon today’s society, which necessitates their critical analysis and discussion. This can be garnered from the homage that the singer Beyoncé paid to the Black Panther Party during the 2016 Super Bowl, to honor the party’s 50th anniversary. There was a lot of hue and cry and social protest against this act of this famous singer, who was targeted for supporting a hate group. A few weeks afterward David Duke, the leader of the Third Ku Klux Klan, openly supported Donald Trump and encouraged other citizens to do the same. This is interesting because Donald Trump is notorious for his
The Black Panther Party was the most influential revolutionary group during the Civil Rights movement era. The BPP became a very strong political power. It influenced many government decisions and attracted the mass media. Yet, due to a number of reasons the BPP eventually collapsed. The Black Panther Party came to its demise due to government operations against it, various mistakes by the Party itself, and by short comings by its own leaders.
People must critically analyze the events which take place in America and fight against injustice when they see it. Hoover fought against militant Black groups because they represented a threat to public safety. However, the rise of such groups as the Black Panther Party was the direct result of the perceived, and realistic failure of nonviolent groups, which Hoover was responsible for creating. The FBI “fed internal tensions and rivalries” which “made it harder for the movement to create a united front,” “leaked derogatory information on activists to the media which dissuaded others from joining,” and “disseminated derogatory information to federal officials which led to a lessened commitment to protect civil rights workers” (358) This obviously created many problems for the civil rights struggle. However, the manner in which Hoover treated nonviolent and violent means of resistance was the same. “FBI officials pursued the most prominent proponents of violent resistance to White racism with the same zeal that had characterized their pursuit of the most prominent proponent of nonviolence” (293). Thus people should have been aware of
After looking into two hate groups the American Nazi Party and United Klans of America, it was noticeable that the two groups racial hatred stemmed from the fear of the well-being of their own race. Both groups fear that United States is in jeopardy of becoming a racially mixed country rather than a white one. They view many minorities coming into the country and they fear that these people will replace them. This is the reason they have distress over white people losing their jobs to minorities and the government having policies that favor minorities. It is interesting, both groups claim to not be racist, but they voice opinions stating that each race should have their own separate country. Compared to the United Klans of America, the American Nazi Party does not advocate for violence and looks to use more political tools to get their point across. On the other hand, the United Klans of America claims they will not hesitate to use violence. After researching these two groups, there is no doubt that both groups possess strong racial hatred to a wide variety of minorities groups that include Jews, blacks, Muslims, Hispanics, and homosexuals.
AntiFa... here we go. Before I start, I must identify each group of the protesters and counterprotesters at Charolettesville. On the right, we have the Ku Klux Klan, the Neo-Nazis, and (believe it or not) regular people who just wanted to express their belief of wanting to keep up the Robert E. Lee statue. On the left, we have Black Lives Matter, AntiFa, and some regular people who wanted to express their belief on taking the Robert E. Lee statue down. I am simply listing each group, I would like that to be know. Not all of these groups participated in the violence. But I will surely identify who did.
The anti-war protests of the 1960s was a response of resentment by minorities and young educated college students against the nation’s desire to participate in war against Communism in Vietnam and conduct a military draft. The protests, originally began with peaceful public demonstrations by activists, who were nonviolent; however, the peaceful demonstrators were frequently attacked and victimized by the police and other citizens, who did not share their same opinion. Throughout the peaceful protests the activists suffered many beatings in the hands of the police and as a result, many of the activists claimed the right of self-defense and turned to taking offensive actions against their oppressors including the police and other citizens. Later, the scene of violence and mayhem quickly shifted to college campuses, to which college students began protesting the draft (Gurr, 1989, pp. 183-185). At the time the average age of an American soldier serving in Vietnam was 19 and students quickly rebelled after realizing that young Americans were legally old enough to be drafted to fight and die, but were not yet legally allowed to vote or drink alcohol (UShistory, nd.).
Yes: Shawn Lay rejects the view of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as a radical fringe group comprised of marginal men and instead characterizes the KKK of the 1920s as a mainstream, grassroots organization that promoted traditional values of law, order, and social morality that appealed to Americans across the nation.
In the 1900’s and early 2000’s a series of events would bring a change in priorities for Federal Law Enforcement, namely the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), which was on the brink of being dissolved. “The Inspector General’s 2003 report stated that prior to 9/11, ‘the Bureau devoted significantly more special agent resources to traditional law enforcement activities such as white collar crime,
Mark Twain once said, “Actions speak louder than words”. Although many hate groups use speech to get their point across, most will rely on inflicting physical punishment to groups of people. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), a white supremacist hate group, has targeted both African Americans, and any Republicans who support African Americans and their rights. According to History channel’s article, Ku Klux Klan, over 400 members of the organization raided a South Carolina county prison to beat and hang eight African American inmates. Many inmates during the time of the Civil Rights Movement were innocent protesters with the aim of equality. Tom Leonard, a writer for Telegraph Media Group, states in his article, Ku Klux Klan: a violent history, that there were multiple accounts in the mid-1900s of KKK members bombing African American property and churches. In the article, Birmingham Church Bombing, we are reminded about the Ku Klux Klan committing the well-known and horrifying Birmingham Church Bombing in the mid-1960s. The only casualties
What comes to mind when you think of the Black Panther Party? Do you even know who the Black Panthers really were? They helped transform the lives of many African Americans in the U.S and helped empower the community. The Black Panther has a huge background of history, goals, and beliefs. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale from Oakland, California founded the Panthers in 1966. Initially, they were an African American self defense force and were highly influenced by Malcolm X’s beliefs. The Panthers had many goals such as;freedom, protecting blacks from police brutality, and helping African Americans obtain a jobs. Despite the negative stereotypes of the Black Panthers as people who ran around with guns, fighting police, they were a major group during the Civil Rights Movement because they practiced self defense, established revolutionary socialism, and stimulated Malcolm X's influence. In the following I will discuss the successful changes the Black Panther Party, had on the African American community during the civil rights movement.
The Black Panther Party was a revolutionary African American nationalist organization who favored fighting against oppression rather than peaceful protest. They see them as a freedom fighters; their aim was to patrol and monitor Black neighborhoods in order to protect black community from police abuse. They believed African Americans should arm themselves and compel White Americans to give them equal rights. They seek full employment, decent housing, and no police brutality. Further, they demanded all African Americans should release from prisons. They also provided education, free health clinics, and free hot lunch and breakfast for schoolchildren. On the other hand, Ron Karenga is the co-founder of US Organization and a creator of Kwanza. Karenga believed African Americans should focus African culture. His US organization was an opponent of the Black Panther Party that resulted in the death of Bunchy Carter and John Huggins. Their deaths were also a result of the COINTELPRO’s letters sent to US Organization that believed to came from BPP. COINTELPRO played a key role in creating political problems between BPP and US Organization by sending forged letters to each group. Karenga and Bunchy Carter had different view how to lead black community.