Kumar Case Study

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder; knee is the joint that most frequently affected.1 During 1988 to 1994, among US adults, the prevalence of knee OA was 37.4%, and the prevalence was greater among women than men (42.1% vs 31.2%).2 Knee OA will impair lower extremity function, and influencing the quality of life. The most common complaints from the patients with knee OA are the pain, daily functional decline, joint deformity, and gait deviation3,4. Symptomatic OA knee patients have shown that significantly less knee angular velocity and knee range of motion during gait. The normal joint load line can be altered with possible varus angulation of the knee, eventually affecting

Common type of sprains would be in the ankle and in the wrist. The ankle is one of the most common injuries in professional and recreational sports and activities. Most ankle sprains happen when the foot abruptly turns inward or outward as an athlete runs, turns, falls, or lands after a jump. One or more of the lateral ligaments can be injured if this occurs. Wrists are often sprained after a fall in which the athlete lands on an outstretched hand.

Mild ankle left sprain is an injury to the bands of ligaments that surrounds and connects the bone of the leg to the foot. It occurs when the foot suddenly twists or rolls that will force the ankle joint out of its normal position.

Some causes to this disease are due small injuries to the knee area before the knee is finished growing, hence the fact that it is prevalent among miner. The quadriceps muscle affected is key for tasks such as running, jumping or climbing. The quadriceps is a large muscle in the front part of the upper leg. When it squeezes, it straightens the knee. As the quadriceps muscle is continuously

Common lower extremity injuries for runners are iliotibial band syndrome, patellofemoral syndrome, patellar tendonitis, and plantar fasciitis. Iliotibial band syndrome occurs in runners who perform long distance training because of excessively bending and extending their knee (Grau, Maiwald, Krauss, Axmann, & Horstmann 2008). This will cause the distal iliotibial band to rub or brush against the lateral femoral condyle which will cause inflammation and swelling of the iliotibial band (Grau, et al., 2008). Patellofemoral pain syndrome or “runner’s knee” can cause excruciating anterior knee pain because of weak hip abductors, quadriceps, and external rotators (Petersen, Ellermann, Gösele-koppenburg, Best, Rembitzki, Brüggemann & Liebau, 2014). This will wear down, disrupt and ultimately damage the cartilage under the knee cap. Patellofemoral pain syndrome will cause imbalance and instability of the patella, hamstring

After undergoing surgery to reconstruct the lateral collateral ankle ligaments, the patient’s lower leg, ankle, and foot will be immobilized in a cast for six weeks. The patient will be touchdown weight bearing around 2-5 days post-surgery (Sherry, 2014). Upon removal of the cast, he or she is ready to begin the therapy program. The program is centered on enhancing the mobility of the talocrural and subtalar joints by strengthening the flexor and extensor muscles of the lower leg and foot (Moore, 2016). Treatment will progress in difficulty through three therapeutic exercises. Each therapeutic exercise will consist of three phases: the preparatory phase, the force phase, and the recovery phase. This slow gradual

The first injury to happen frequently, usually seen in football and soccer players, is an ankle sprain, which is an injury to the ligaments

A sprain occurs when someone overstretch or split a ligament by rigorously pressuring a ligament and cause pain and swelling in a joint. In the hand, the injury frequently take place on individual who is landing on an outstretch hand during a fall which can cause fracture in the wrist. Thumb fracture happens on individual who overextend the ligament when doing some sports activities such as playing softball or racquet sport. In general, individuals with a radial sprain will have limited function in the affected joint due to pain and swelling. Other symptoms may include bruising, a “pop” may hear or feel at the time of the injury. Causative factors to sprains consist of poor conditioning that cause muscles to become weak, improper warm-up before

Sprains are injuries to ligaments that connect bones to the joint. During sports there is a wear and tear of these ligaments. Over stretching may cause tear in the muscles fibers or tendons. Sometimes sport injuries can be prevented and sometimes they cannot be prevented. Muscle fatigue takes away some of the protective mechanism also increasing risk of all injuries.

An ACL Sprain may happen when a person rapidly changes direction. Once it is torn, it is not able to heal on it’s own.

sprains and strains are caused by the wrenching, stretching, or twisting of a of a muscle, ligament, or a tendon.

In the event of a cricketer spraining their ankle, they need to have pain-free range of movement concerning the affected area, have a competent degree of mobility, able to complete pre/post tests, able to perform basic movements and skills in Cricket, (running, bowling, batting), They must also have full flexibility, proprioception awareness & aerobic endurance, they must be able to invert and evert their ankle, and also use plantar and dorsiflexion in the process of fast bowling.

The common injury around the foot is an ankle sprain. This injury occurs when the ankle is rolled, twisted or turned in a weird or awkward way. This can make the ligaments that hold the bones together to stretch or pull. These ligaments help to stabilize the joint to prevent excessive or unconscionable amounts of movement. As said before, sprains mostly occur when the ligaments, on the outerside of the ankle, are forced beyond or over the normal range of motion. The treatment of this injury depends mostly on the harshness that has been done to the ligaments. A Medical evaluation may help learn about how bad the sprain is to the ligaments in the ankle. To know if there has been a sprain in the ankle, the signs are: pain when weight bearing, swelling and sometimes bruising that restricts

Sprains to the ankle and knee are common soccer injuries that happen to both men and women. “A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments. . .The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle.” (“Sprains and Strains”) Playing on uneven surfaces, landing on another player’s foot, and playing in ill-fitting footwear can cause ankle sprains. Sprains in the knee are usually ACL sprains, medail collateral ligament (MCL) sprains, and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sprains. ACL sprains are caused by suddenly slowing down or changing direction, piviting on a planted foot, landing from a jump incorrectly, or suddenly stopping. ("ACL Injury") MCL sprains are caused by impact to the outside of the knee when the knee is slightly bent, twisting one 's knee, or quick turns on a planted foot. ("Medial Knee") PCL sprians

The ankle joint is the most commonly injured part of the lower leg. It happens from an unusual twisting action