Kurt Lewin's Three-Step Change Theoretical Framework

The health issue that this artifact discusses is the significance of knowing and recognizing the warning signs of a stroke. The American Heart Association has made it their mission to provide unlimited health information and research in the hopes of eliminating cardiovascular diseases as well as helping society in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. “Stroke is the number 5 cause of death and a leading cause of

7,000 strokes occur in Americans every year. For Hispanics it is the third leading cause of death. This article emphasizes the importance of knowing the symptoms of the stroke to reduce the chances of its occurrences. Prevention tips include: stop smoking, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and work to control high blood pressure and manage diabetes. (Strokes Affect Thousands of Hispanics Each Year - Learn To Recognize Symptoms: Brandon Alvarez Montgomery

The objective of the present study was to assess the extent of stroke knowledge, specifically regarding the risk factors and warning signs of stroke. Thus, it is important to be well understood about stroke, the risk factors and the warning signs. Furthermore, this review will discuss in details about the two risk factors, stress and obesity that are significant among the studied population. This is followed by the review on the state of stroke knowledge and its importance from the previous studies among varied populations.

Led by our chairs Samantha Sangabi and Julia Roh, our Power to End Stroke initiative has worked to break the barrier that lies between the community and the signs of stroke. With the help of the B.E.F.A.S.T method we have been able to reach out to the community and provide patients with the tools to detect and take preventative measures against stroke.

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is stated that “every 40 seconds, someone in the U.S. has a stroke” (“Stroke,” 2018). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, which include coronary heart disease, stroke, and other related conditions. There are various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with heart disease, such as age, family history, diet, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and more (“2016 Community Health Assessment,” 2017). About 795,000 people suffer from stroke each year and it is more common among the elderly, ages 65 years and older, in the United States (“Stroke,” 2018). The consequences of stroke can be detrimental,

The tool used for the presentation of the Health Promotion Project pertains to the video titled: Know Stroke: Know the Signs. Act in Time, published on the website of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (National Institute of Health, n.d.) to help educate the public about the symptoms of stroke and the importance of getting to the hospital quickly. This video reflects the current standards of practice and is easily accessible from the NIH website under the stroke material: videos, television, and radio public service announcements. The content of this video is objective, easy to understand and follow. The authenticity of this video is supported by the fact that it contains the stories told by the

Stroke is noted by Lee, Shafe and Cowie (2011) to be a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom. It is estimated that close to 110,000 incidences of stroke occur in England annually (National Audit Office,2004) with recent studies reporting that the rate of incidence ranges between 1.36/1000 per year (Hippisley-Cox , Pringle , Ryan, 2004) and 1.62/100 per year between 2002 and 2004 (Rothwell et al,2004). Even though cases of deaths from stroke has decreased in the United Kingdom over the last forty years, stoke accounted to close to 46500 deaths in Wales and England in 2008 (accounted for 9 percent of all death cases (Lawlor et al,2002; Office for National Statistics,2008). The current United Kingdom health policy places a lot of emphasis on the reduction of stroke (Department of Health,2007,2008). Key to realizing this is the importance and need for better management of the vascular risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes and atrial fibrillation. In this paper, we present an essay based on the assessment of care of an elderly patient suffering from six different pathologies with stroke (non-haemorrhagic) being our pathology of choice. A rationale for this choice is provided followed with the underlying pathophysiology of the chosen aspect of care and finally an evidenced based analysis of the nursing interventions required for the selected aspect of care.

Among the various contributors to ischemic stroke are high risk environmental factors of physical and social determinants. In the Journal of Cerebral Circulation, stroke environmental factors are broken down into six domains: assistive technology, built and natural environment, social environment, services, systems, and policies, access to information and technology, and economic quality of life. To reiterate the grand effect of health determinants, 90% of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are attributed to personal risk factors. Among these, natural environment and economic quality of life are the top physical and social environmental contributors.

Stroke is the number one leading cause of adult disability, and it is estimated that approximately 7 million Americans are living with the effects of stroke. The direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was approximately $53.6 billion, with a mean lifetime cost estimated at $140,048 (American Heart Association, 2004) and each year, approximately 795,000 people have either a new or recurrent stroke (Go et al., 2013).

Stroke is a serious medical condition that affects people of all ages specifically older adults.

Stroke is seen as a major health concern and this is due to the fact that every year, as many as 110,000 individuals suffers from strokes making it a key issue. (NHS 2014)

Cerebrovascular disease, or more specifically stroke, is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States, but globally. According to the Internet Stroke Center (2016), stroke kills approximately 140,000 Americans each year. In the United States, someone has a stroke every 40 seconds and every four minutes, someone dies of a stroke (The Internet Stroke Center, 2018). In 2013, there were nearly 25.7 million stroke survivors globally, 6.5 million deaths from stroke and 10.3 million new strokes (Feigin et al., 2016). Stroke affects individuals from all socio-economic backgrounds and its impact is likely to increase in the future due to aging populations, demographics and health changes in developing countries (Feigin, et.al.,

The significance of Lewin’s change theory lay not in the formality of the theory itself but rather on his ability to conceptualize real situations and as a result come up with models that reflect ideal situations. Kurt Lewin cut a niche for himself as one of the pioneers of the applied, organizational and social psychology. Born Kurt Zadek Lewin in September 9 1890, he is acknowledged as the founder of social psychology and among the first people to study organizational development and group dynamics. He lays claim to the term action research which he coined in 1944 to try and explain the effect of social action and the factors that lead to the same. A spiral circle

History of high blood pressure, Current Smoking, Abdominal obesity, Diabetes, Lack of physical activity, Poor diet, binge drinking, Heart disease and

Unfreezing raises an initial awareness of the need for change. It is the first step in the change process. As many people will resist change the goal during unfreezing is to create awareness as to how the current level is hindering the organization in some way. Old behaviour, ways of thinking, procedures and process followed, Human resource, Organisation structure must be carefully examined to clarify the people in the organization the need for change to maintain competitive advantage. The Proprietor needs to convince his people the logic behind change and how it will be beneficial at Individual and Organisational level. Besides Lewin states that people should be motivated to accept change