Kwkwik Culture

A mixed culture of two unknown bacteria was provided by the instructor. The methods used for

The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible

The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).

The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were oxidase, catalase, lactose and sucrose fermentation, Kugler/iron agar, nitrate reduction, gelatin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, manitol salt, MR-VP, citrate, bile esculin,

PCR is the amplification of DNA by denaturing, annealing, and extension of a DNA template. Specific sequences can be amplified using single-stranded DNA that complements the target sequences known as primers. This process heats DNA until the strands separate, then primers bind to the target regions. DNA polymerase enzymes and single base nucleotides (dNTPs) are used to synthesize new strands of DNA to the target sequence. The end product will contain large quantities of the target sequence (Bean et al. 2015). The most notable in phylogenic studies is the 16S rRNA gene, because of it’s highly conserved primer-binding site and hyper variable regions that provide species-specific sequences within bacteria and archaea (Kolbert and Persin 1999). This gene is a component of the 30S small subunit of prokaryotic ribosome’s and serves as the primary site of protein synthesis. (Woese and Fox 1977). The 16S rRNA sequence can be amplified and matched to national databases provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using software termed Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to find regions of similarity between biological sequences for bacterial identification. Thus, providing a cost effective and timely method when compared to biochemical

This report discusses the procedures and equipment needed to determine a bacterium knowing and having nothing but the sample bacteria given by the instructor. The importance of this lab is to test your ability to think clearly about what each test will tell you about your unknown organism and selecting tests that will save time and give you the most information. The objective of this lab is to determine what species level and genus level your bacterium is categorized as. The first step taken to determine the bacteria was to do a sub-culture of my stock broth to have a backup of my bacteria just in case my broth became contaminated. Doing a T-streak on a TSA plate is when the plate is divided into three sections and using an inoculating loop, grab some

There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The purpose of this exercise was to identify an unknown bacterium from a liquid culture. We chose our unknown bacteria from a rack of test tubes with several different species of bacteria inside. I wanted to pick an unknown bacteria with a number easy to remember so I pick the test tube labeled “745”. Procedures were followed as stated in the lab manual written by Dr. Pedro J.A. Gutierrez.

Relations with the British effected the Mohawk in many ways but, in order to understand how it affects them. One must understand their lives and culture before they had any European contact at all.

The Ipiutak culture relied heavily on chipped stone technology and carved bone, wood and ivory, for their technological needs. They still relied heavily on chipped stone, for knives, blades, arrow points, insert blades, knife side blades and harpoon blades. Chipped stone was heavily utilized in the making of harpoons as they were inserted into a good amount of harpoon heads. The Ipiutak culture had large artifact assemblages that were excavated from the sites. These assemblages had everything from needles, harpoon heads, shovels, snow knives, adzes, spear tips, snow goggles, elaborate animal carvings, carved chains, bands, lance heads, arrow heads, and engraving tools to name a few. The wide variety of hunting that was done at the Ipiutak

When reflecting back to experiment 3, Aseptic Technique and Culturing Microbes, I realized the large amount of microorganisms that can be found in everyday life. Many different types are found with in the human body. Theses experiments focused on two types of bacteria. First was Staphylococcus epidermidis, found on the skin, and second was Lactobacillus acidophilus, found in the gastrointestinal tract. Both have similar needs for growth when it comes to temperature, however, different growth environments are used.

L. bulgaricus are used as starter cultures during yogurt fermentation and are regarded as probiotics (Perna et al, 2008)

2. Introduction: Each student was given unknown bacteria and was instructed to perform a variety of experimental tests that would help to identify their bacteria. During the process of identification, the unknown bacteria was added to many different testing medias using aseptic technique. They are as follows: lactose fermentation on eosin methylene blue (EMB), TSI (Triple Sugar Iron agar), Phenol red sucrose, the SIM test, H2S by SIM, IMViC (indole, motility, voges-proskauer, and citrate), Urease (urea broth), PDase (Phenylalanine Deaminase), Lysine Decarboxylase, and Ornithine Decarboxylase. Colonial morphology on EMB was used to

Another purpose of this experiment is to stress the importance of knowing the identity of a microorganism. Knowing the species of microorganism present in a sample provides a

For over two decades, amplification and sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA or 16S rRNA) gene has been the primary approach to assess the abundance and taxonomic identity of microbes in the

A sterile pipette was used to add 0.1ml of E. coli culture to the pH 3.0 tube. This was then repeated for the tubes at pH 7.0 and pH 9.The tubes were then incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. This was then repeated for saline culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but incubated for 72 hours at 25oC.