D’s Dang Cameras Jordan Beadle Esperanza Benitez David Dang Sean Kelly Thom Thurn Strategy Formulation and Initial Implementation Our company wanted to appeal to as many consumers as possible and gain market share through value and competitive cost. We realized that not every person would need an extremely high end camera to capture life’s simple moments, but consumers would still appreciate a high value product without the intimidating features of some highend cameras. We chose to implement a BestCost strategy, which allows our company to deliver a quality camera at a fair price and offer more in terms of value than the lower PQ rated cameras. We believed this strategy would allow us to gain market share through a value based offer, in turn garnering a brand that was associated with value at a fair price. We initially implemented this plan by offering a 3 star PQ rated entry level camera at a price point that would hopefully undercut competition of similar rated cameras and still offer a camera that could compete with the high end cameras. We believed this strategy would entice customers that normally would purchase a lower end camera based on price, and also customers who usually bought cameras for the high end specs. This strategy allowed us to meet our consumers in the middle ground on price and value in order to create a brand that was associated with the most value for dollars spent. Adjustments to Strategy Year 6 For Year 6, we aimed to compete with a bestcost strategy. Initially we started off with three star entry level and multifeature cameras and an aggressive marketing strategy. We increased our prices from Year 5 across the board and put a lot of money into marketing. We invested $570 in North America, $500 in Latin America, $400 in EuropeAfrica and $350 in AsiaPacific. In regards to the prices of the entry level cameras, they were $175 in North America, $163 in Latin America, $165 in EuropeAfrica and $240 in AsiaPacific. Our goal was to increase our market share in all four regions through an aggressive marketing campaign, therefore increasing brand exposure and equity. Unfortunately, this strategy put us in last place in the industry for the first year that we took over the company. Year 7 For Year 7, we cut back our prices in a couple of regions in hope that it would increase our sales and market share. Specifically, we lowered our entry level camera price in North America by $7, in EuropeAfrica by $15 and in AsiaPacific by $80. In AsiaPacific we also lowered our multifeature camera price by $210. In order to remain competitive with a bestcost strategy in the industry, it was imperative that we lower our prices. Our competition, particularly those selling similar quality products (3 star cameras), was charging far less than we were and corrective measures had to be taken. By charging such high prices in regions such as AsiaPacific, we could be losing customers. This did help improve our revenues and image rating, but our EPS, ROE and SP were at one of our lowest. Year 8 In year 8, we decided that in order to reduce our costs we would need to cut back on our advertising and R&D costs. Although it was part of our initial strategic plan to have an emphasis on marketing, our company needed to adjust its costs in order to compete with the success of our competitors. We also noticed that our entry level cameras were one of the higher quality cameras in our industry, so we raised the prices on our entry level cameras in three of the regions as an attempt to increase our revenue. We decided to make no changes to North America because unlike in the other regions, the demand was not as high there. This same year we also chose to maintain our multifeature camera prices the same as the year before. We made no improvements to the product itself and for a bestcost strategy it was competing well in the industry. Year 9 In year 9 we continued to gradually increase our prices. This year we increased both the entry level and multifeature prices, except for our multifeature in EuropeAfrica and AsiaPacific. Although our competitors began to improve their product quality, we kept ours constant. We wanted to compete with a bestcost strategy by providing an average value at a reasonable price. Our entrylevel cameras did very well this year, but our end results showed that we needed to pay attention to our multifeature cameras for next year. Year 10 For year 10 we decided that it was time to slightly improve the quality of our multifeature camera in order to remain competitive. We improved some of the core components in our multifeature camera so that it would be at a 3½ star quality. In order to compensate for the higher costs that came with making a higher quality camera we increased its price. We based our price increases off what our competitors were charging for a similar quality camera, while at the same time trying to stick with our bestcost strategy. This year we also decided to cut back significantly on R&D costs. We chose to spend nothing for our entrylevel cameras and only about $1000 for our multifeatured. We thought that cutting costs would help increase profits for our next year. Year 11 Year 11 was a good year financially, so we decided to not make any major changes in terms of changing the price or quality of our products. We kept the prices the same as year 10 for the most part, with only changing the price of our multifeature in AsiaPacific. We increased the price of that one single product and region because we had been selling out, and by increasing the price we could potentially decrease demand. For this year we also decided to use some of our cash at hand to pay back some of our debt. Year 12 For year 12, we again chose to improve the quality of our multifeature camera. Our stats were looking very well from the year before, so we decided to increase the quality of our multifeature camera by half a star in order to remain competitive. With half a star increase we were now at a 4 star quality camera, which was average against our industry competitors. We also increased our prices for our multifeature this year. Since our entrylevel cameras seemed to remain competitive as they were, we decided to make no changes to either the quality or the prices for this year. Year 13 On our last year we decided to maintain our prices and quality very close to those of year 12. In year 12 we made changes to our multifeature model, so we didn’t think that changing our prices or model right away in the next year would be good for our sales. Throughout all eight years we maintained our corporate sponsorship contributions pretty constant. We maintained our contribution of $500 towards energy efficiency programs as well as participated in “Green” Initiatives to Promote Environmental Sustainability. This function of the company was not a priority for some of our managers, but yet still important for our company, therefore we were able to compromise with making this small and constant contribution towards corporate social responsibility. Also, throughout all eight years our labor costs remained pretty constant. We did not make any major increases because of our bestcost strategy; we always looked to reduce production costs wherever possible. Assessment Year 6 Year 6 proved to be a difficult year for our management team. We had the lowest Earnings Per Share (EPS), Return On Equity (ROE), and Stock Price (SP) amongst our competitors. D’s Dang Cameras had an EPS of $1.83. Meanwhile, the SP dropped to $28.75. The team did manage to achieve a ROE of 17.3%, an image rating (IR) of 73and a credit rating (CR) of B+ for Year 6. Both our entry level and multifeatured cameras were at the highend of the production benchmark scale. While providing a great product with exceptional value for our customers was a main focus for our team, this resulted in a high total cost of production, ultimately hurting our bottom line. Our entry level camera had a total cost of $125.29/unit, the highest in the industry. The multifeatured camera cost $303.96/unit, hovering right above the average of $303.56. Taking a closer look geographically, D’s Dang Cameras earned the lowest operating profit per unit in North America, EuropeAfrica, and Latin America. AsiaPacific was the exception, earning the highest operating profit per unit in the industry with $58.86. Although we had a relatively high net revenue, we also had extremely high production and marketing costs, which resulted in D’s Dang Cameras earning the lowest operating profit and net income in the industry. Year 7 Year 7 was another difficult year for our team. We failed to meet the BOD’s expectations on EPS, ROE, and SP. EPS dropped to $1.69. ROE was 13.8% and the SP slipped to $26.05. Fortunately, the company was able to maintain a CR of B+ and actually increase the IR to 81, the second highest in the industry. Our team was able to cut costs, bringing the total cost of production down for both models. The entry level model cost $119.88/unit, while the multifeatured model cost $290.22. Across all four geographic locations in the entry level segment, D’s Dang Cameras had the lowest operating profits and even suffered losses in Latin America. The multifeatured segment fared marginally better, with above average operating profits per unit in EuropeAfrica ($140.72), AsiaPacific ($119.97), and Latin America ($59.97) and below average in North America ($70.67). We had the third highest net revenue, recording $271,206,000 in sales. Taking into account last year’s similar performance, this shows we do have a good product that does sell well. However, we were once again hindered by our astronomical operating costs. With production costs at 76.6%, delivery costs at 4.7%, marketing at 5.6%, and administrative costs at 5.7% of total revenue, D’s Dang Cameras operating profit margin dropped to 9.7% leaving net profits at 6.2% totalling $16,868,000. Year 8 Year 8 was a marked improvement from the two previous years and initiated a welcomed turnaround for D’s Dang Cameras. Management not only met, but surpassed all of the BOD’s expectations. EPS reached $3.30, an annual change of +95.27%. ROE was 21.2%. The SP increased substantially to $41.02. D’s Dang Cameras recorded an increase in CR to A, while our IR remained constant at 81. Again, our team managed to lower the production costs of the entry level to $114.63 and multifeatured to $283.18. In addition, we raised our prices and realized a net revenue of $277,940,000. We lowered the production cost to 69.4%, leading to an operating profit margin of 17.5% and a net profit of 11.9% equalling $33,021,000. Despite these improvements, our demand and market share across all regions still lagged behind our competitors. Year 9 In Year 9, D’s Dang Cameras once again surpassed all the BOD’s expectations. EPS was $4.67, ROE was 23.1%, SP increased to $60.05, and the CR rose to an A. Unfortunately, the IR fell 12 points to 69. In a continued effort to cut costs, the entry level model cost dropped to $110.90/unit. Multifeatured cost fell to $269.89. Relative to our competitors, operating profit per unit in North America and AsiaPacific fell below average in the industry. EuropeAsia was the lowest in industry, while Latin America was just above average. Disappointingly, our multifeatured cameras operating profits per unit was below average across all regions. Year 9 also suffered from low volume of sales, with revenues coming in at only $264,065,000, the lowest since Year 6. Production costs did drop, however, to 61.3%, allowing D’s Dang Cameras to earn a operating profit margin of 25% and a net profit of 17.7% of revenues totalling $46,649,000 our highest since the start. Year 10 In Year 10, management once again met all of the BOD’s expectations for the year. EPS and ROE decreased slightly to $4.08 and 20.1%, respectively, but remained above expectations. The SP increased to $62.22, up $2.17 from the previous year, as did the CR, now at A+. The IR rose to 70. For Year 10, management decided to invest in product improvements in the multifeatured segment to stay competitive, increasing the unit cost for the multifeatured cameras to $307.50. That being said, the team was able to lower production cost of the entry level camera to $109.65/unit. To cover the newly incurred costs of the multifeatured cameras, price increases across all regions were put in place. Despite improvements in our product offerings and the increases in prices, total revenues decreased again, totalling only $255,188,000 the lowest throughout management’s 8 years. This was in part due to the increases in production costs (65.3%), as well as our decision to increase our marketing expenditure. Unsurprisingly, this resulted in a lower operating profit margin of 20.5% and a net profit of 14.7% for a grand total of $37,430,000. Year 11 In Year 11, EPS, ROE and SP all reached their highest points throughout management's tenure. EPS was $5.85. ROE came in at 24.3% and SP jumped up to $91.09. The company’s CR remained at the highest rating, A+, but the IR once again slipped below expectations to 69. For Year 11, management decided to increase our market exposure by maximizing our distribution channels, yielding positive results. D’s Dang Cameras earned $292,031,000 in net revenues the highest for the team throughout the eight years. Management also focused on realigning with our costcutting strategy. Production cost, although still high relative to our competitors, reached its lowest point of 61%, lending to the highest operating profit of 25.4% and net profit of 18.4% for yeartodate. Year 11 was also management’s most profitable year, with D’s Dang Cameras earning $53,708,000 in net income roughly average compared to our competitors. Year 12 Year 12 was another difficult year for D’s Dang Cameras. EPS and SP fell sharply to $3.94, and $71.33, respectively. ROE decreased to 21.4%, while the CR remained constant at A+. IR fell again to 68. Improvements in product design produced our highest unit cost of $362.01 for the multifeatured cameras. Management also invested in overall production capabilities in an attempt to decrease our outsourcing costs. This hurt our margins yet again and resulted in below average operating profits per unit throughout each geographic region. Year 12 had comparatively midrange net revenues of $263,340,000. Production costs rose, as expected, due to our investment in production capabilities to 67.9%. Similar to year 10, the team chose to increase marketing expenses to increase consumer awareness. This lowered operating profits to 17.2% of revenues and net profit to 12.2% totalling $32,177,000. Year 13 In the final year, EPS fell to $3.57, as did ROE to 19.9%. SP decreased to $55.70. Our CR fell to an A. Lastly, our IR fell once more to 64, the lowest throughout the eight years. We maximized distribution channels and tried to stay competitive in price, promotions, and warranty period, but our high labor cost, warranty costs, and warranty claim rates, increased the cost per unit of both our entry level and multifeatured cameras. The increased marketing expenditures hurt margins even harder in Year 13 due to decreased demand and market share across all markets. Low sales and high costs were the exact opposite of our teams goals and have plagued us since the first year. Key Learnings Over the course of our years acting as managers, our team learned many things about how to effectively develop a strategy. It is important to be able to compete aggressively, but not recklessly, because there are a limited number of years in the decision making process. To make progress, every year’s decision must be thought out thoroughly and the pros and cons weighed extensively one crucial lesson we learned debatably too late. In year six, we decided to allocate a large sum of funds to advertising and marketing. This decision turned out to be unwise and ended up setting us back for several years of our management. Instead, we learned that we should not focus heavily on advertising right out of the gate, but rather wait several years until our company has built up a positive image rating. From that point forward, we could gradually increase advertising until a heavy advertising focus is achieved. A lot of money was wasted early on advertising and we feel this attempt was in vain because our company did not yet have an established market share and consumers did not have adequate knowledge of our product. Another key factor learned was regarding our product pricing. Our company increased prices right away in year six. This negatively affected our earnings per share and return on equity. We should have waited to increase prices, or not increase them significantly at all, in order to remain consistent with a true bestcost strategy. With lower prices in the first several years of the game, we could potentially have sold more units and increased our market share earlier. Keeping prices lower would have allowed us to compete better with our competitors right out of the gate. It would be especially crucial to keep AsiaPacific region prices low because that is where we had our smallest market share. We risked alienating customers by initially increasing our prices in that region. Cutting back prices, we learned, also helped increase our revenue and image rating. There are several factors that are important for future management to take into account. Future management should learn from our mistakes and uncertainties. When choosing a strategy, it is of the utmost importance to stick with that strategy in order to form an image that resonates and provide consumers with a clear understanding of what we do and how our company works. It is necessary to remember to balance the focus on both entry level and multifeatured cameras. Also, outsourcing is an important way to reduce costs. But most importantly, future management must choose the correct pricing for both models of camera. It is difficult to increase prices to remain competitive while at the same time remain loyal to our bestcost strategy. Our management team made the mistake of having inconsistent pricing, which did not bode well for our initial goal of a low cost strategy. Advice for Future Management Future management needs to continue competing with a best cost strategy in the market place. Consistency is key for success in any market, especially the digital camera market so that should remain at the center of the best cost strategy. Management will need to continue offering an above average quality product for a slightly lower than average price, maintaining a PQ rating of 3. Our chief competitors are J Company, Eclipse, and Habitat. In order to offer competitive advantage over our competitors future management will need to compete on price very closely with company Eclipse, as they control the majority of the market share. Our team has done a good job creating a niche market in Latin America and North America, however future management needs to focus on growing its market share in EuropeAfrica and Asia Pacific. They should do this by increasing their advertising to around $500 million each quarter. To increase market share they should also lower the price of both the entry level camera and the multi featured camera in these two regions to at or below $160 and $450 respectively. Future management should cut costs and find synergy savings within its suppliers and distributors in order to increase profit margins. Another way to increase profit margins is to cut the warranty period for both the entry level and multifeatured cameras to under 3 months. With these savings that future management will accumulate, they should put towards raising the salary of the workers. When the workers get paid above average they will be more productive, and therefore there will be less of a need to hire new people at year end. Future management will fortunately run into a lot of cash on hand, and they should spend it by repurchasing more stock, and also by purchasing a new plant. With a new plant, they should be in better shape as to not run out of inventory. Future management needs to consider the external environment when making strategic decisions. They should keep in mind that the camera industry will continue growing at a rate of 48%** for the next _____ years, making the industry extremely attractive for earning good profits. Future management will need to also keep in mind the three chief rival competitors, previously mentioned, that they will be competing with in the future. In order for management to out compete its competitors they will need to offer different performance features, better customer service, and better product performance. It is important to watch how each competitor competes on price and the product design or quality that they are offering. They will also need to identify who their target audience is, the geographical areas in which they reside, their demographics, their needs, and most importantly who their target audience is NOT. Fortunately, the camera industry will not have any issues with new legal or regulatory issues. However, technology is always changing and getting better so it is important for future management to keep up with its development by investing in research and development so that they always have the best quality products for the best price. Future management will have the internal capability to make the best quality product on the market, however they should stick to the bestcost strategy. They will also have the capability to increase their IRby increasing their corporate social responsibility. Future management should invest in environmentally sustainable products and the disposal of those products. Additionally they will have the strength to produce as many cameras as they need. More importantly, as time passes, management will have the capability to decide if their strategy is working. They can do this by asking themselves three very simple questions, which are: Does the strategy fit the position of the company and its resources? Does the strategy produce a competitive advantage? Does the strategy produce good profits, and is it meeting the company’s financial objectives? If the current strategy is not doing those three very important things than they will have the capability to correct the strategy to ensure that it does in the future. A2.The BOD’s five performance objectives are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Earnings Per Share (EPS) Grow earnings per share at least 8% annually through Year 10 and at least 4% annually thereafter Return on Equity (ROE) Maintain a return on equity investment of 15% or more annually Stock Price (SP) Achieve SP gains averaging 8% annually through Year 10 and 4% annually thereafter Credit Rating (CR) Maintain a B+ or higher CR annually Image Rating (IR) Achieve an IR of 70 or higher annually A3. Year 6 EPS $1.83 (Target EPS $2.16) ROE 17.3% SP $28.75 (Target SP $32.40) CR B+ IR 73 Year 7 EPS $1.69 (Target EPS $2.35) ROE 13.8% SP $26.05 (Target SP $35) CR B+ IR 81 Year 8 EPS $3.30 (Target EPS $2.56) ROE 21.2% SP $41.02 (Target SP $37.80) CR A IR 81 Year 9 EPS $4.67 (Target EPS $2.79) ROE 23.1% SP $60.05 (Target SP $40.82) CR A IR 69 Year 10 EPS $4.08 (Target EPS $3.04) ROE 20.1% SP $62.22 (Target SP $44.09) CR A+ IR 70 Year 11 EPS $5.85 (Target EPS $3.16) ROE 24.3% SP $91.09 (Target SP $45.85) CR A+ IR 69 Year 12 EPS $3.94 (Target EPS $3.29) ROE 21.4% SP $71.33 (Target SP $47.68) CR A+ IR 68 Year 13 EPS $3.57 (Target EPS $3.42) ROE 19.9% SP $55.70 (Target SP $49.59) CR A IR 64
Sandra Baah Business Statistics Dale Matheny February 29 2012 The book Moneyball by Michael Lewis is about a former major league baseball player who became the manager of the Oakland A’s. It tells the story of how he led the team to success despite their low budget by using computer based analytics to draft players. With the help of Bill James, the Oakland A’s came up with a new plan based on statistics to draft players. He went after players nobody wanted due to their low budget and his new plan. Billy led the Oakland Athletics to a successive win seasons by changing the way he measured players. He abandoned the traditional 5 “tool” the other scouts used and adopted empirical analytics. The abandonment of the traditional assessment of
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