Lab 04 - Chromatography and Ionic vs Covalent Bonds

Distillation is when the substance with the lower boiling point will evaporate and the substance with the higher boiling point will stay. The substance that is evaporated cools down and is collected separately. Magnetic separation is when a magnet separated the iron containing substances from the non-iron containing substances. Chromatography is when a pigment of color is placed on special paper, such as filter paper, and a liquid solvent is put on one side of the filter paper. While the solvent is being absorbed, the different components in the pigment separates.

In this lab, paper chromatography will be used to separate the components of known and unknown mixtures and then used to identify those components. Paper chromatography is a technique where a drop of solution containing a mixture will be placed on a piece of filter paper. One end of the filter paper will then be placed into a liquid solvent. The mixture will separate into its different components as the solvent moves up the filter paper. The filter paper is known as the stationary phase. The solvent is known as the mobile phase because it uses capillary action to move up the paper. The mixture will be separated into its different components because each component will have a unique chemical affinity for the paper and for the solvent. Theses

Major scientific concepts in this lab include chromatography and pigments. Chromatography is the division of mixtures, solution, and others into its different components. Chromatography is often used to separate a solution into its separate parts. Chromatography filters complicated compounds accurately without involving a difficult process so it is often used. In this lab, we used chromatography to separate the different pigments in the plants. When looking at plants, the colors of the plants are the colors that are reflected from the different wavelengths of the light spectrum. The colors that are not evident are the colors the plants absorb and use as energy. Pigments are the compounds of a plant the enable the reflected colors to be evident. These pigments function to capture light energy from the sun to enable the plants to undergo photosynthesis.

Chromatography is a fairly simple process. First, you put a dot of ink(or in our case, the M&M food dye) near the bottom of some chromotography paper (also known as filter paper), and then hang the paper vertically with its lower edge (the one closest to the spot of dye) dipped in a solvent (In our case, the sodium chloride solution). Capillary action forces the solvent to travel up the paper, where it meets and dissolves the ink. The dissolved ink (which is the mobile phase) slowly travels up the paper (the stationary phase) and separates out into its different elements. Another way of describing it is to think of the liquid as an adhesive-like liquids, some of which stick more to the solid and can travel more slowly than others. This is

A clean toothpick is used for every standard to place a small spot of the dye on the cross mark of the paper in the appropriate column. The spot cannot get too large, or the chromatogram may be streaky and difficult to read. Spots should not be greater than 2 mm in width. The spot may have to dry and more sample will have to be added to get a dark spot without the spot becoming too diffuse.

Chromatography, or the separation of a mixture by passing it through a medium that contains components of varying attractive properties in a suspension, is a helpful tool in the scientific community and beyond. Although chromatography is mainly associated with the separation of colors, chromatography is the gateway to scientific advancement and an increase in public health initiatives. Environmental testing laboratories, such as Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), utilize chromatography to test drinking water and to monitor air quality (???). Their goal is to detect small quantities of contaminants such as dangerous PCBs in waste oils and pesticides (???). With the use chromatography, the EPA is making strides in protecting both human health and the environment.

2. Based on the chromatographic methods you learned this semester, state which separation technique (Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Size Exclusion Chromatography) would be the best choice for each of the cases below and explain why? (12 points; 2 points each)

Chromatography is used in everyday life for forensic testing or testing the blood samples after death to see how much drugs that person used or how much alcohol he drank. It is also used in drug testing. They have used chromatography paper to help find the best medicines to find a cure for the Ebola outbreak of last year.

Chromatography is the process by which a chemical mixture is separated, so it can be studied further. The objective to this lab was to separate

Also, some fruits especially beetroot made it very difficult to read the colour coding as the juice stained the reactant square. To further improve this validity issue I suggest getting accustomed to the different colour-codings beforehand, that way you will know straight away which colour is which without doubt and I would avoid using any food that have the ability to stain paper. The experiment, although it went relatively smooth had lots of variables that were uncontrollable which made the experiment less

High Performance Liquid Chromatography, abbreviated HPLC, is a type of Chromatography that uses liquids to separate mixtures. Unlike other chromatography methods, HPLC uses liquid mixtures for both the mobile and the stationary phases. A syringe is used to inject a small amount of the mixture we’re looking to separate into the HPLC column, and the mobile phase acts as the transporter. The mobile phase contains a carrier liquid that is comprised of all of the dissolved substances that are of interest (the ones that we are looking to separate from one another). Since HPLC uses a reversed-phase stationary phase, this allows polar molecules to elute first and nonpolar last. Therefore, it is imperative to use a polar molecule for the mobile phase

Chromatography is a method used mainly in labs in order to isolate organic compounds from inorganic compounds in order to be observed. Via this technique, scientists are able to differentiate between the substances which create a particular compound. Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of coloured compounds. Mixtures which are suitable for separation by chromatography are inks, colouring agents in foods and dyes. You can

The purpose of this lab is to understand and distinguish ionic and covalent bonds. The purpose is also to take seven substances, sucrose, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, stearic acid, sodium chloride, wax and salicylic acid, and observe them by testing the melting order, in addition to each of the substance’s conductivity and solubility. Using the information gathered from testing the melting, solubility and the conductivity of each of the substance, can help determine if the substance is ionic or covalent. To determine the melting order, a small amount of all the substance minus salicylic acid, were placed on a tray and placed on the hot plate. Stearic acid was the first to melt, wax the second and sucrose the third. Other substances

However, each is kind is used specifically to amplify certain findings. Hence, the gas chromatography is the most sensitive in detecting compounds of a mixture and is used mostly to analyze organic compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition [Padias pg. 179]. In addition, the column chromatography is a cost efficient way to separate components based on polarity and it is flexible on what is used. The last common type of chromatography, thin layer chromatography, can be used to show how long it takes for a reaction to go from reactants to products over a period of time.

What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a technique.It is separating mixtures into their components in to analyze.They also use differential affinities.Chromatography is for scientist to study and Analyze,Identify,Purify and Quantify. This can also be a mixture of color .People like scientist,cops, use it for crime and people manufacture plant. Environmental agency,Hospital and Pharmaceutical Company.The Chromatography have a lot of uses,they help alot of people out because they can find out who killed someone and what happened with someone.there is still alot of different types of Chromatography and that is good to know because that can help the people out even more, They can help detect blood or alcohol levels in a patient’s bloodstream,chromatography is also to quantify the mixture of