Lab Chromatography Background information: Four categories of contaminants have been identified by environmental scientists and have said to be existent in municipal water supplies. These pathogens can cause disease that can lead to cancer and acute poisoning. Public health officials have taken note of the issue and are now attempting to take action to counter the hazard. All matter can be classified as either pure substance or a mixture. For example, distilled water is considered a pure substance since it contains H2O alone and river water is a mixture because it contains various components such as pathogens, organic and inorganic compounds, and radioactive elements. There are multiple possible methods that can be used to remove contaminants
Column Chromatography From: William McEnanly Materials/Equipment: • Plastic syringes with Luer-Lock, 30 mL, without needles (4). • Space Sand (24 mL, or about 2 Tbsp.) ; available at some toy stores. • Scissors.
Two methods were utilized in order to purify and extract the pigmented compounds within MI-1 and MI-2. These methods were column chromatography with a silica base gel and solid phase extraction utilizing LC-Diol and LC-Si cartridges. These methods all revolve around trying to purify polar compounds from nonpolar impurities and were chosen since prodigiosin is a polar compound containing three pyrrole rings (6). Upon completion of techniques, two primary compounds were extracted via column chromatography: a red pigmented compound, and a UV sensitive compound. The UV sensitive compound was stored as it was not the focus of this study. The LC-Diol cartridge successful in extracting the red pigmented compound, while the LC-Si cartridge would no elute the compound.
There are many methods in the literature about measuring the porosity of porous material29. In our experiment, straight pieces of Grade 1 chromatography paper of 20 ⅹ 1 cm2 are cut. These segments are laminated to reduce the evaporation effect of water and also minimize the paper swelling upon getting wet. They were first weighed dry on a sensitive weighing balance. The bottom section of the laminated film is open, and the paper strips are dipped into water and oleic acid in a vertical position. The top of the laminated section is pierced to allow atmospheric pressure to act on both the sides and therefore not increasing the pressure increase inside the film as shown in Figure 1A.
In this experiment, the fatty acids of olive oil and sunflower oil were determined and compared to identify the differences. The analysis was conducted using gas chromatography method. Before the analysis, methyl ester was prepared by sodium methoxide method. The fatty acids in lipids are interesterified in the presence of sodium methoxide. The process is known as direct transesterification.
Contaminated water poses health risks on humans, pets, wild animals, and farm animals. (Mcdermott-Levy 2013)
Gel-Filtration Chromatography is a commonly used method used in order purify a protein from a mixture, by means of separations. Different biomolecules differ in size, or their molecular weight. In the gel matrix inside the chromatography column, there are gel beads which are porous to allow certain sized molecules to enter. The molecules that are able to enter the pores of the gel, are held in stationary phase and will elute from the column later on, these are usually smaller, to medium sized molecules. Larger molecules that are not able to fit in the pores will elute out of the column first, they are involved in mobile phase where they just go straight through the column without interacting with the gel beads. Smaller molecules will have a higher elution volume, while the larger molecules will have a lower elution volume. The volume to elute the protein is inversely proportional to the molecules size.
Industries, Inc., that contains 12 trays with a tray spacing of 10 inches. Each tray has three valve caps,
The unknown substances found using both methods of chromatography could be identified using the calculated retention factor (Rf) values. The equation is below: The Rf values for the substances on the paper chromatograms were calculated using this equation as follows: The Rf values for the substances on the thin-layer chromatograms were also calculated as follows: Below is a table containing the colour and retention factors of different substances found in plants: The retention factor of a compound changes from laboratory to laboratory, and even from experiment to experiment. This is due to any slight variations in the setup, the mobile and stationary phases used, and the temperature. From this investigation, the pigments separated from the plant extract can be identified using their colours, along with the Rf values.
Introduction The purpose of this report is to discuss about gas chromatography to determine chlorophenols using five differences extraction method that is ; solid phase microextraction, solid phase extraction, liquid phase microextraction, liquid-liquid microextraction, and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and choose the best extraction method that are suitable, easy to use, low cost and have more advantages than disadvantages. The separation techniques which collectively are called chromatography are widely been used for chemical separations in the laboratory. They have had a tremendous impact on te chemical sciences and finally upon society.
Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.
Column Chromatography and TLC of Spinach Group Experiment 3 – Individual Lab Report (Save as pdf and submit, due by 12:00 NOON one week after experiment) Last Name: Wang First Name: Zoey Lab Partner(s): Sue Wang TA Name: Sosthene
Doctors are always telling us to drink more water to improve our health, but what if that water is contaminated by a potentially toxic chemical? When it comes to our drinking water in America, compared to other countries around the world, there is usually no concern in becoming ill after consuming a nice, big glass of tap water. The reason you don’t question the quality is because of the regulations in place by US Environmental protection Agency (EPA) for public drinking water. But now we are foreseeing issues with our drinking water due to chemicals used in items such as food packaging materials (such as pizza boxes and popcorn bags), fabrics, nonstick cooking pans and firefighting foams (Scutti). As a result of their inhabitance, the chemicals
In this lab, paper chromatography will be used to separate the components of known and unknown mixtures and then used to identify those components. Paper chromatography is a technique where a drop of solution containing a mixture will be placed on a piece of filter paper. One end of the filter paper will then be placed into a liquid solvent. The mixture will separate into its different components as the solvent moves up the filter paper. The filter paper is known as the stationary phase. The solvent is known as the mobile phase because it uses capillary action to move up the paper. The mixture will be separated into its different components because each component will have a unique chemical affinity for the paper and for the solvent. Theses
There is considerable interest in predicting the permeability arising from the detonation of explosives emplaced in low permeability geological formations. These predictions would be useful for applications such as hydrogeology (Sarbhukan, 1990), massive explosive stimulation of tight gas reservoirs (Li and Xue, 2000), shale gas formations (Guo et al, 2014), coal gasification (Zhu et al, 2013), stimulation of geothermal reservoirs (Austin et al, 1973), and fracturing oil shale with explosives (Miller and Johansen, 1976). It is well known that energy released during blasting causes damage in the surrounding rocks in the form of micro to macro cracks, which increases the permeability of rocks. It is therefore of prime importance in reservoir
Surface water sources should be carefully monitored for the presence of unusual types or levels of microbial/disease causing contaminants.