Body Composition Lab Report Sidney Walters 010645001 Lab Techniques Fall 2016 Introduction Body composition measurement is a very useful tool when trying to access overall fitness of an individual. It is the measure of fat mass to non-fat mass (lean tissue). It is an important, but sometimes overlooked factor in overall fitness because individuals with high levels of body fat ( in particular when located centrally around the abdomen) have an increased risk of many different health problems, such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. All of these are serious health risks that can result in death. Unfortunately, these are becoming increasingly more common as the rate of obesity is climbing. Although these risk factors have some genetic predisposition, the majority of these factors are due to things such as poor diet choices and a sedentary lifestyle. There are many different ways to measure body composition. BMI is commonly used to assess weight relative to height. It is calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. It is usually pretty accurate in adults, but it not very accurate in populations such as pediatrics. (1) The most accessible and inexpensive method is through skin fold assessments. These can be done by measuring three, four, or seven specific sites of the body. It pinches the areas of the skin and measures the thickness of the fold for that site. A formula is then
Both the ratio and distribution of fats are crucial in determining an individual’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This method is used to evaluate both the visceral and subcutaneous fats that are found in the body. The relative risk for men and women increases when the waist circumference exceeds 102cm and 88cm respectively. This method assesses the relationship between girth and percentage of fat as well as the fat distribution. The advantage of using this method is relatively accurate in assessing the fat percentage and distribution of the average population. Also the calculation for the fat percentage and distribution is relatively simple. While the disadvantage of this method is that individuals who are lean will not get an accurate assessment of the percentage and distribution of
The pathophysiology of obesity is when there is a buildup of excess body fat. This excess body fat is determined by calculating a person body mass index (BMI). The BMI is calculated by an individual’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of a person’s height in metersthis allows us to come up with appropriate range of weight to an individual’s height. The body mass index is used to find out if an individual is overweight or obese. Individuals who’s BMI that have a range of 25 to 29.99 are thought to be pre- obese and overweight When an individual body mass index has surpassed 30kg this person is considered obese. As an individual’sBMI increases they become part of a different class of obesity there’s class I which is 30-34.9, class II
The metabolism of an organism represents all bodily chemical reactions to intake, actions, etc (Reece, et al. 2011). Metabolism is often referred to as the energy of life, since it is either acting to conserve or expel energy of an organism. This can be measured mathematically through a series of experiments. Examples of metabolism are differences of the heart rate from caffeine and ethanol. By understanding the topic, it can be proven that these drugs affect organisms in a certain way, such as the heart rate. The information, collected following the experiment, can be inferred in recognizing the way our body responds to chemicals when drinking coffees and colas. The experiment was conducted by inducing the species Daphnia magna to both caffeine and ethanol, while being compared to a controlled group. Daphnia magna are small crustaceans, commonly known as water fleas, which are transparent making them easy to study their metabolism (Corotto et al. 2010). Since caffeine is a simulative and ethanol is a depressant, it assumed that the heart rate would increase with the exposure of caffeine and decrease with ethanol compared to control. This will occur not only in Daphnia magna, but also all other organisms.
A tool known as BMI (body mass index) is used by medical providers to calculate an individual 's body mass index. It calculated by measuring a child’s weight and height and the found value is then compared to percentiles relative to other children of the same age and sex. For example, if a child aged anywhere from 2-19 is “more than 85% and less than 95%” they are considered overweight. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). This tool is not a method used to diagnosis childhood obesity but it 's a valuable way to measure the prevalence of obesity worldwide.
Obesity is becoming a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. Being the second cause of preventable death in the United States, obesity increases the risk of numerous adverse health problems including breast cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon cancer, stroke, and more. Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat, with a person being considered obese if his or her weight is twenty percent or more above normal body weight. A common way to measure obesity is by calculating the body mass index. An individual is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between twenty five and thirty,
BMI is your weight (in kilograms) over your height squared (in centimeters). Let’s calculate, however, using pounds and inches.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines body mass index (BMI) as a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity. To determine BMI, a person’s weight, in kilograms, is divided by the square of the person height in meters
The key words used for this search were children, primary care, BMI screening, and obesity interventions. These key words were selected based on their relevance to the research question. BMI, or body mass index, is a tool that assists providers in identifying overweight and obese children (Kwapiszewski & Wallace, 2011). BMI for children and teens is computed by calculating their weight in kilograms divided by their square height in meters, taking their age and sex into consideration (CDC, 2015). A BMI at or above the 85th percentile is considered overweight and a BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile is considered obese (CDC, 2015). According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017), a healthy lifestyle is defined by a nutritious diet, participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity, and the maintenance of a normal body weight with a BMI between
Obesity: one of the nation’s most critical health problems. “Overweight is defined as having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors. Obesity is defined as having excess body fat” (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”). When energy input and output get out of balance, obesity arises. Many factors can cause someone to become obese such as genetics, metabolism, level of physical activity, and more. “Overweight and obesity are the result of “caloric imbalance”—too few calories expended for the amount of calories consumed—and are affected by various genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors” (“CDC Features - Obesity & Genetics”). “When a person eats and drinks more calories than he or she burns, the energy balance tips toward weight gain, overweight, and obesity” (“Understanding Adult Overweight and Obesity”). Obesity is increasing throughout the United States due to lack of healthy behaviors, big health risk, genetics and increasing in children and adults.
The Army Body Composition Program (ABCP) relies on a basic form of body circumference measurements to determine a soldier’s body fat composition. Many people believe this standard of measuring is an unfair and inaccurate representation of their true body composition. There are several options that could provide a more accurate measurement such as hydrostatic testing, skin fold method, Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) only to name a few. There are many factors that influence the decisions of leaders such as availability, cost, reliability and accuracy of the method in which method they decide to use.
One thing that the world’s health experts and leaders can agree upon is that obesity is a major health problem in our modern era. Obesity is not only an aesthetic concern, there are also serious medical conditions associated with obesity such as diabetes type 2, heart disease, increased blood pressure, and increased cholesterol. In America alone, over 300,000 people die every year with obesity related health problems. (Sharma) That being said, worldwide there is little agreement about what is a safe BMI (Body Mass Index) to avoid the complications of obesity.
Obesity rates are soaring throughout North America (What Is Obesity?, 2013). With obesity reaching almost epidemic proportions in the United States, and the threat of a global epidemic, we must watch this alarming increase carefully ( Health Risks of Obesity, 2013). Obesity is defined as: "…an excess of adipose tissue…" (A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014). The two most common measures of obesity are Body Mass Index (BMI is a ratio of weight to height) and relative weight index, such as percent desirable weight (Body Mass Index , 2013). BMI is the most frequently used measure of obesity as it has a strong correlation with more direct measures of adiposity, such as underwater weighing (A Report of the Surgeon General, 2013). Some
Although many individuals are uncertain about the increasing statistics associated with obesity, more than seventy percent of men and virtually sixty-two percent of women within the United States adult population are overweight or obese (Wilmore, Costill, & Kenney). Obesity refers to the condition of having an excessive amount of body fat. If an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too excessive, he/she is at a much greater risk of developing life-altering diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, etc. (Wilmore, et al., 2008).
The topic examined in Lab 4 is how Body Mass, Brain Size, and Life History variables, are distinct amongst humans, apes, and other primates. These variables are related because they demonstrate positive correlations in the scatterplots of Age of First Reproduction (years), Maximum Lifespan (years), and Observed Brain Size (cc) of the species, in relation to an increasing Body Mass (kg). By examining these variables, the Encephalization Quotient (EQ), Age at First Reproduction, and Maximum Lifespan are then compared amongst humans and various apes. It is suggested that the EQ, Age at First Reproduction, Maximum Lifespan of humans are higher than other apes.
This is a laboratory report on measuring body composition. The aim of the laboratory report was to compare two different field methods skinfolds and bioimpedance analysis to measure body composition and evaluate the most reliable doubly indirect method to measure body composition. A number of studies such as Kitano,T have shown a strong correlation between skinfold and bioelectrical impedance analysis and tend to have an average body fat difference of less than 0.6.