Essay about Lab Report

Using a thermometer we observed the measurement of the water “H2O” in the beaker, and it resulted in an initial temperature of 20 ⁰ C.

The first step that needed to be done in this experiment was adding hydrochloric acid (HCl)

3. Find the number of atoms of each of the substances involved in the reaction.

The mixture was heated at 120°C using an aluminum block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved, it was heated for 20 additional minutes to ensure the reaction was complete.

12) Pipet the remaining methylene chloride to a new beaker. Place the flask in hot water bath, and boil the methylene chloride out, leaving the benzoin and the dibromobenzene .

After the twenty minutes elapsed, the flask was cooled to room temperature and then titrated with the remaining NaOH until the colorless solution remained pink. The final volume was then recorded. While solution #1 was heating the same process was repeated with solution#2 and the second burette

The SN1 mechanism leads to substitution products, and the E1 mechanism leads to formation of alkenes, therefore in this case, it is shown that this mechanism leads to a substitution of products since the Cl- ion is replacing the OH group by the addition of a strong acid (HCl). When the nucleophile

The wet, crude product was placed into the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Small amounts of CaCl2 were added to dry the solution. The flask was sealed and the mixture was swirled and left to settle. Once

The next day an orange goopy textured product resulted. The extracts were then dried and combined with anhydrous sodium sulfate, then evaporated with dry air under the hood in a warm water bath. The liquid was cooled and had an initial weighing of 0.5887g. It was reweighed several minutes later with a final

After dissolving benzoic acid in 1.0mL CH2Cl2 and 1.0mL 10% NaHCO3 solution, two layers are created, the top layer is 10% NaHCO3 solution and the bottom is CH2Cl2.

The pure product has a lower product yield than the crude. Since the pure product had to go through similar steps as the crude product, there could have been similar sources of errors as the crude. Also, the process of recrystallization removes impurities. Therefore, the impurities that were originally in the substance will be subtracted away from the original mass, only leaving the pure product. Lastly, during the process of weighing the final pure product, the filter paper was not involved in the measurement, unlike the crude product. After the filtration,

After the mixture finished refluxing, the flask was then cooled on ice. A sulfuric acid solution was then prepared by pouring 4.5 mL of concentrated H2SO4 over 50 grams of ice and then diluted to 75 mL by adding enough tap water to reach 75 mL. The sulfuric acid solution was then cooled on ice.

The purpose of this experiment was to use solvent extraction techniques in order to separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid (p-toulic acid), a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol), and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent, the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion, 2004).

Once cooled, the mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel using the funnel while avoiding adding the boiling chip. 10 ml of water was then added to the mixture. The mixture was gently shaken and the phases were allowed to separate. The funnel was then unstopped and the lower aqueous phase was drained into a beaker. 5 ml of 5% aqueous NaHCO3 was added and then shaken gently. A great deal of caution was taken into consideration because of the production of carbon dioxide gas which caused pressure to develop inside the funnel. The pressure needed to be released so the funnel was vented frequently. The phases were allowed to separate and the lower aqueous phases was drained into the beaker. After draining, 5 ml of saturated NaCl was added to the funnel and then shaken gently. Once again, the phases were allowed to separate and the lower aqueous phase was drained into a beaker. An ester product was produced and was transferred into a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask. This organic product was then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 to trap small amounts of water in its crystal lattices thus removing it from the product. Finally the ester was decanted, so that the drying agent was excluded from the final product.

Most of the organic substances recovered from organic reactions are impure and require purification to obtain the desired pure product. The extracted benzoic