Essay about Lab Report Joint

The purpose of this lab is to test for enzyme activity, look at enzyme specificity, and how temperature affects enzyme activity.

The following muscles need to be stretched, lack of flexibility in which group causes the most injuries

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will NOT put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then be measured for its range of motion. Next, the same must be done with the selected joint, but in contrast, the other joint must be placed in the position which WILL further constrain the bi-articular structure. Once that has been done, the selected joint’s range of motion must be measured once more.

There are different kinds of joints in the human body (hinge/ball joint and socket and spin for example). They are joined together ball joints and socket joints fit together nicely do you can move your ankles, toes and fingers. These are all surrounded by ligaments and tendons which you can cause damage o by moving them incorrectly. such as not moving a person up the bed correctly such as putting your arms under their armpit, and dragging them u the bed. Lifting a person off the floor without a hoist but instead lifting them under their arms, this could cause their joint to dislocate or new hip joint ruined by incorrect handling, or muscles, tendons to be hurt. There are 3 different layers to the skin the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

The majority of ACL injuries occur during landing from a jump or sudden deceleration. The ACL has been shown to be under higher degrees of stress when the knee is in extension or only minimally flexed, (such as 5–20 degrees as opposed to 60 degrees) and when it is under valgus stress, (also often described as knee internal rotation), which are common mechanisms in female athletes who have injured their ACL (Voskanian,

The anterior deltoid is an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw its origin is the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle its insertion is the deltoid tuberosity of humerus. The pectoralis major is also an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw its origin is the clavicle, the sternumand upper ribs, and the tendon of the external oblique muscle the insertion is the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The triceps brachii is an agonist in the acceleration part of the throw and an antagonist when the ball is being drawn back. Its long head origin is the infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, its lateral heads origin is above the radial sulcus, and its medial head is below the radial sulcus and its insertion is the olecranon process of ulna. The Infraspinatus is a synergist for the rotator cuff during the acceleration phase. Its origin is the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and its insertion is the middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus. The biceps brachii is an agonist when the ball is being drawn back and an antagonist when the ball is accelerated forward. The origin of its short head is the coracoid process of the scapula and the origin of its long head is the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and its insertion is the tuberosity of the

The knee is a major weight bearing joint that provides mobility and stability during physical activity as well as balance while standing. To provide this range of function, the joint relies on multiple soft-tissue structures to maintain bony alignment during weight bearing and movement. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, bone or soft-tissue structures are at risk of injury (1).

In landing, player’s decccelerating with minimal knee and hip flexion, using quadriceps pattern to stabilise the knee .The eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle will try to translate the tibia anteriorly and produce force beyond that required for tensile failure of ACL, as ACL trys to prevent anterior translation of tibia and work against the quadriceps.

The knee joint is one of many synovial joints within the human body. It is the largest joint in the body and is known as a ginglymus, or hinge, joint involving the articulation of the femur and the tibia. A hinge joint is a joint between two or more articulating bones, moving in only one plane. The movements that occur at the knee are flexion and extension. The knee joint is a modified hinge joint, therefore as well as allowing the movements of flexion and extension; the movements of internal rotation and external rotation are possible. The knee joint has six degrees of freedom, moving in all three planes: the frontal plane, the sagittal plane and the transverse plane. Internal rotation and external rotation of the knee move about the

The human elbow is the summation of 3 articulations. The first 2 are the ones traditionally thought of as constituting the elbow: the humeroulnar articulation (the synovial hinge joint with articulation between the trochlea of the humeral condyle and the trochlear notch of the ulna) and the humeroradial articulation (the articulation between the capitulum of the humeral condyle and the concavity on the superior aspect of the head of the radius). The third is a pivot-type synovial joint with articulation between the head of the radius

Joints assist in motion and stability of the skeleton (Ramaiah, 2000). Joint can also be grouped according to their structure and function. This article will mainly focus on the “knee joint”. This is because the knee is one of the most complex as well as the largest joint found in our body. Additionally, the knee is also one of the most vulnerable. This is because, while contributing to flexibility and movement, the knee carries more weight and pressure compared to other parts (Schmidler, 2016). For instance, when one walks, the knee supports approximately one point five times the body mass; when one climbs stairs, the knee supports three point our times body mass; and finally when squatting, it is roughly eight times (Brunning, 2017).

contraction. The majority of fixator muscles are found around the hip and the shoulder joint. An

One of the most common injuries among athletes is found to be in the shoulder region, which entails the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle. The shoulder joint, is commonly referred to as the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket joint consisting of the ball/end of the humerus bone that sits in the socket of the shoulder). The overall shoulder region also entails the shoulder girdle (the scapula/shoulder blade), and clavicle (collar bone). The shoulder joint is predominantly vulnerable to injury because the large range of movement that it is capable of and the relatively small joint surfaces. In turn, this means that the joint itself is much less stable and therefore requires a number of sturdy muscles, ligaments, and tendons and to maintain the stability.

In order for the arm to move, the bicep must remain contracted and the tricep relaxed, so that the arm is able to move freely, in the bent typing position, as when the bicep contracts, the forearm is raised. The elbow joint will also be in flexion which enables the hand to be in a comfortable position to type.