Lab Report On Ascorbic Acid

Beran, J. A. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009

The first step that needed to be done in this experiment was adding hydrochloric acid (HCl)

In this lab experiment our main focus was to get skillful in using tools such as the metric ruler, balances, thermometer, and graduated cylinder to capture measurements of length, mass, temperature and volume. Additionally, this lab helped us to become more familiar with the uncertainty of measurements, as well as becoming efficient with rounding our measurements to the correct numbers of significant figures. Our results are measured consistently with rounding to the closest answer we could possibly acquire as the data can tell you.

If one had weighed out precisely 0.500 g of KIO3 for the primary standard solution and dissolved it in enough

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

In the third stage of this experiment, the density of a liquid was determined and compared to known standards. A 100ml beaker was filled to about half-full with room-temperature distilled water. The temperature of the water in ◦C was recorded in order to compare to known standards later. A 50ml beaker was then weighed on a scale in order to determine mass and recorded. A sample of the distilled water with an exact volume of 10ml was then placed in the 50ml beaker using a volumetric pipette. The 50ml beaker with the 10ml of water was then weighed again and the initial mass of the beaker was subtracted from this mass to obtain the mass of the 10ml of water. With the volume and the mass of the water now known, density was calculated using d = m/V and recorded in g/ml. This process was then repeated to check for precision and compared to standard values to check for accuracy. Standard values were obtained from CRC Handbook, 88th Ed.

Volume of water This was kept constant by using a 200 ml beaker to fill up the jars used in the experiment. The uncertainty of the volume of the water was: +/- 10 ml

Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is needed for growth and maintenance of healthy tissues, especially skin, blood vessels, bones, gums, teeth. Vitamin C aids in resistance against infection and healing of wounds. It also helps the body absorb iron from food. Vitamin C can be found in green vegetables, potatoes, tomatoes and citrus fruits such as oranges and lemon. A lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy, iron deficiency and poor wound healing. A healthy diet

In this experiment, a redox reaction occurred. An oxidation-reduction reaction (redox) is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two solutions. The chemical being oxidized is losing electrons and the chemical being reduced is gaining electrons. In this case KMnO4 is losing electrons and Oxalic Acid is gaining electrons. KMnO4 can titrate a or reduce Oxalic acid. Titration is the technique used to find the unknown concentration of one solution based on the concentration of a known solution. In equation 2, the molar relationship between the 2 is shown, it is 2 KMnO4 to 5 Oxalic Acid. The molar ratio relationship is useful because it shows how much of a certain product is needed to help a reaction occur and which chemical is limiting reagent. The experiment was started by preparing a titrating strength KMnO4 solution from stock to a less concentrated KMnO4. Equation one shows how this was done. The KMnO4 needed to be diluted, if it had not been diluted, then it would be way too hard to get an accurate reading of the Oxalic Acid used. Without being diluted the Oxalic Acid would be strong. The next step was to standardize the KMnO4 solution. It was calculated that 37.5 mL of Oxalic Acid could titrate 15 mL of KMnO4. To determine the exact molarity of a solution a standardization needs to happen. In this experiment the standardization found how much Oxalic acid was needed. Through the controlled variable, the fact that 37.5 Oxalic acid could be titrated by 15 mL of KMnO4, the percent of the

Step 1 and 2 was repeated by using distilled water by replacing the test solution.

Vitamin C is crucial for survival for several reasons. For a human body to reach the acme of its physical potential, it must have a daily intake of vitamin C. Deficiency can lead to a fatal symptom known as scurvy. Likewise, iron absorption will be more difficult resulting in iron-deficiency anemia (Smith, Primio & Humphrey-Murto, 2011). However, this nutrient is essential for bodily functions as well. Vitamin C is required for hormone production which is seen by the fact that the highest concentration of it in the human body is in the pituitary and adrenal glands (Emsley, 2004). Moreover, this vitamin aids in protection against free radicals and stress. Vitamin C is also imperative because it assists in the growth of various body parts, including teeth, cartilage, and dentine. This acid is integral for bone development and to heal fractured or broken bones. As said before, “Vitamin C is important in the absorption and metabolism of many nutrients that affect production of red blood cells”, including iron absorption (Smith, Primio, & Humphrey-Murto, 2011). DIRECT QUOTE WITHOUT AUTHOR. Similar to its importance to humans, vitamin C is vital for plant life as well. Plants require the alcohol for growth processes.

In each experimental run, the volume of electrolyte used is always kept to be 150cm3. This is measured using a 250cm3 measuring cylinder

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a well-known supplement that is essential to the human body. Vitamin C helps grow and repair body tissue, make collagen, heal wounds, and strengthen bones and teeth. Unfortunately, the body does not produce this vitamin itself, therefore it must be obtained from another source. Vitamin C is present in significant amounts in both fruits and vegetables. These foods are commonly pasteurized – a process that applies heat to destroy pathogens that cause spoilage in food. Pasteurization is great for preserving foods, but its effects on the food’s contents are important to consider. This process could affect the levels of ascorbic acid in the foods being consumed for their vitamin C content. Specifically, orange juice, one of the most popular sources of vitamin C, is going to be used to examine the effects of pasteurization on ascorbic acid levels in this experiment.

A type of nutritional supplement that is very important to the proper functioning of the human body is vitamins. The human body uses vitamins in small volumes; therefore, vitamins are labeled as micronutrients (“Nutritional Supplements,” 2008). One such vitamin that is considered to be a micronutrient is vitamin C. Like all vitamins, vitamin C has specific characteristics, which set it apart from other types of nutritional substances. Vitamins can be categorized as being either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins get their name from the fact that they are stored in fat tissue within

The procedure was performed as follows: For run 1, 20cm3 of acetone, 10cm3 of sulphuric acid and 145cm3 of water was added to a conical flask. 25cm3 of iodine was then added to this solution which started the reaction and immediately, 20cm3