Lab Report On Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ( Sofc )

phs Raw Data Pop Test Properties: “Pop-test” Properties of Hydrogen Gas faint pop followed by extinguishing of flame “Pop- test” Properties of Oxygen Gas no pop , flame not extinguished Relative Loudness and Distance Oxygen: Hydrogen Mole Ratio Relative Loudness Trial 1 Relative Loudness Trial 2 Relative Loudness Trial 3 Average Loudness Average Deviation Distance travelled (meters) 1:5 8.0 9.0 9.0 8.6 0.46 5.5 2:4 10.0 10.0 10.0 10 0 7.0 3:3 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 0.43 7.5 4:2 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.6 0.46 6.6 5:1 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.46 5.7 Average Deviation- 0.30 Maximum deviation- 0.46 Mole Ratio vs. Excess Parts O2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parts H2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reactant in Excess H2 H2 Neither O2 O2 O2 O2 Moles in excess 6 3 None 1.5 3 4.5 6 Calculations

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy.

The doping iron increases the capacity of batteries, but this diminishes with extensive cycling. The detrimental effect of iron can be avoided by annealing. Ruthenium is another transition metal which can be used as a dopant which enhances the stability of the crystal structure. It also increases conductivity and improve performance of the battery. Chromium is another transition metal that can be used as a dopant. It reduces the ordering of lithium ions in LiMn2O4 spinel and this stabilizes the spinel structure. It also increases capacity retention during cycling. Zinc is used as a dopant in cathode materials as it has a stabilizing effect on the crystal structure. Addition of Zinc oxide also prevents reaction between the electrode and electrolyte. Titanium along with cobalt also acts as a stabilizer and also reduces dissolution of electrodes. Zirconium reduces reactivity levels between the electrode and the electrolyte and performs the same function as titanium by stabilizing the crystal structure. Aluminium is one of the most commonly used dopants in cathode materials. It performs the function of increasing capacity of the electrodes. The addition of aluminium improves electrode kinetics, structural modifications and microstructural effects. Some of the other dopants include Magnesium and Lathanum which increases the lattice parameter and improves the stability of the crystal structure and also

This cell uses bacteria like Shewanella oneidensis and Rhodoferax ferrireducens and many labs are attempting to find better strains of bacteria more suited to the process (3). This fuel cells work in two parts. Basically, the microbial fuel cell has two halves, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic means with presence of oxygen, anaerobic means a lack of oxygen. When bacteria consume their “food” in aerobic conditions they produce carbon dioxide and water, however when it’s in an anaerobic condition they produce carbon dioxide, electrons and protons. The MFC has the bacteria put in the anaerobic chamber of the cell and decompose water material that contain glucose and/or acetate. The bacteria also free hydrogen ions and electrons. The electrons flow from an anode into the cathode. The hydrogen ions however just pass through the barrier; soon the electrons and hydrogen ions are in the aerobic chamber and combine with the oxygen forming h2o. The H2O is released and electrical energy is produced from the transfer off the energy between the Anode and Cathode (or Anaerobic and Aerobic chambers).

so that the conductometric data were treated by Fuoss–Shedlovsky method [11] by using a computer program, to evaluate the ion-pair association constants of the studied salts and to re-evaluate the limiting molar conductance (Λ0), where they proposed the following equation:

All the data was fitted satisfactorily using the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 7. Where, Rs, CPE1 and R1 represent solution resistance, a constant- phase element corresponding to the double layer capacitance and the charge transfer resistance, respectively. CPE2 and R2 were added to account for the electrical elements of the outer layer. The following formula expressed the electrode impedance, Z, as follow:

A lot of information from different sources was gathered with the purpose of comparing different Li-ion batteries mechanisms, cathode and anode materials, structure and fabrication procedures, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

First, one main reason why is because it is extremely high in conductivity comparing to the other solutes that I tested earlier on in the experiment. The reason why it is so much higher is because it has lots of ions, protons, electrons, and neutrons and this causes it to a have a very strong and powerful electrical current. Also, another unique conclusion that I came to was that the level of conductivity varied tremendously between each attempt. The reason why this happens is because since the level of conductivity is much high there is a much wider range that it can go from rather than the other solutes that I test earlier on in my experiment. In conclusions this certain solute was the most interesting out of all the other

Addition of rare earth metals, especially Lanthanum (La), to ceria supports has been widely investigated. Rare earth metals are well known for their catalytic effects, and when added to ceria catalyst, provide improved thermal stability and increased activity [Wang et al., 2010]. Wang et al. (2011) studied a ceria/zirconium catalyst doped with rare earth metals La, Nd, Pr, Sm, and Y and reported that all of the metals exhibited increased activity and selectivity with La, Nd, and Pr performing the best. Gold/ceria catalysts have also been subjected to rare earth metal doping and doping with Lanthanum and Gadolinium have both shown increased catalytic acfor 48 h [33,104]. The addition of Co to Mo/C was studied by

The prepared zinc powder could easily be removed from the cathode surface and was washed in distilled water for several times until all possible existing alkaline solution was removed from the powder particles. This was proved by addition of few droplets of phenolphthalein to the ablution water. After that, the powder was treated with an alcohol-acetone mixture (ethanol-acetone = 1:1) to remove water, then dried for 2 h in 100 °C, weighed, and stored in a polyethylene plastic bag to avoid further oxidation. A different weight of Zn powder was obtained in each experiment, the current efficiency (CE) was calculated using Eqs. (1) and (2) as follows:

One type of FCs is microbial fuel cell (MFC) that uses an active microorganism as a biocatalyst in an anaerobic anode compartment for production of bioelectricity. Although electrical current produced by bacteria was observed by Potter in 1911, more useful functions were developed during the next 50 years. finally, in the first of 1990s, MFC known as a promising technology to achieve energy and teat

We will be using 6 different fuels to heat up 100ml of water, and find out the changes of the temperature. We will measure the temperatures of the water before and after the experiment. We will burn heat the water for exactly 2 minutes, and check the changes in temperature. The change in temperature will allow us to work out the energy given off the fuel by using this formula:

In this experiment, a sample of K2S2O8 was prepared by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of H2SO4 and K2SO4. The peroxodisulfate anion, S2O82-, was also observed for its ability to serve as a counterion for precipitation by preparing a copper (II) complex by reacting hydrated copper (II) sulfate with ammonium peroxodisulfate in the presence of pyridine. This same ability, coupled with its strong oxidizing ability allowed for stabilization of the unusual oxidation state of 2+ for silver which was observed by preparing an analogous silver (II) complex by reacting silver (I) nitrate with ammonium peroxodisulfate in the presence of pyridine. IR spectra for the three products were

In view that future application would most likely be based on the use of multiple modules connected together instead of one large reactor, the MDC module in this study was made up of 30 individual tubular MDCs. Each MDC consists of one anion exchange membrane (AEM) tube inside the cation exchange membrane (CEM) tube. Two ways of parallel connections of the MDC were investigated. One way was via combined connection whereby all the anodes or cathodes are connected to form one anode or cathode (total 1

The cathode impetus layer is accepted to comprise of a blend of impetus platinum, ionomer layer electrolyte also, void space. The little impetus particles, either all alone or bolstered on moderately extensive carbon dark particles, are secured by a thin, consistent layer of ionomer. The spatial organize z is characterized with the goal that the positive heading indicates from the cathode terminal the layer with its birthplace situated at the interface between the cathode