Lab Report On The Absorption Of Crystals

Making its debut 1982, The Dark Crystal, created and directed by puppeteers Jim Henson and Frank Oz, was a fantasy film that involved intricate puppeteers and animatronics. Aside from The Muppets and Sesame Street, which involves more comedic skits to relay their message to its viewers, The Dark Crystal was a different kind of muppet movie because it used fantasy, fiction and action to tell its story. With this change in Jim Henson’s usual way of story telling, the fantasy aspect of the movie becomes associated with the narrative patterns and functions of Propp. As the story line progresses throughout the film, some of the 31

This experiment is based on determining the chemical formula for a hydrated compound containing copper, chloride, and water molecules in the crystal structure of the solid compound, using law of definite proportion. The general formula of the compound is CuxCly•zH2O, and aim is to determine chemical formula of this compound.

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A absorber is a admixture of molecules that absolution or bind H+ in adjustment to advance a almost abiding pH. Agenda that the action of a absorber is NOT to accumulate a band-aid aloof (at pH 7); its action is to abbreviate the change in pH if abject or acerbic is added to the solution. Also agenda that there are abounding adapted buffers, and anniversary one will balance the pH of a band-aid alone aural a specific pH range. One absorber may be able aural a ambit of pH 2 to pH 6, while addition may be able aural a ambit of pH 10 to pH 12. Beyond its buffering range, a absorber no best acts to balance the pH of the solution.

These crystals were first discovered back in 2004 by Subramanian Ramaswamy, who was studying at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. To learn

During the increase of temperature from 294K to 980K where α-β transition happens, the unit cell structure is trigon α-FePO4 with Fe in the 3a sites, P at the 3b sites and O in the 6c sites (x, y, z). Looking at the structures between trigon α-FePO4 and hexagonal β-FePO4, they have similar symmetry and their symmetrical relationship structure is similar when compared according to the correct respective axes. From 980K to 1073K, the unit cell structure is hexagonal β-FePO4 with Fe in the 3d sites, P at the 3c sites and O in the 12k sites(x, y, z). In hexagonal unit structure, the lattice parameter recordings are as follows: a = b ≠ c with α = β = 90° and γ = 120°. From the graphs, we note that the tetrahedral tilt angle decrease drastically as the transition temperature is reached.

Results The absorbance of five substances _ sphagnum, true sponge, artificial sponge, and paper towel was tested with 5g of each material and 250ml of water for each. The materials were left to sit in the water for two minutes after which they were removed and the water left was measured. sphagnum, which had the least absorbance left 245ml of water, which means it absorbed 5ml of water; second is paper towel whose beaker had 225ml left, that is, it absorbed 25ml of water; the third which is artificial sponge left 210ml of water in the beaker, which means it absorbed 40ml of water; finally true sponge with the most absorbance left 190ml of water and absorbed 60ml of water (Table 1).

For the purpose of this assignment, my group embers and I decided upon researching the pseudoscience of crystal healing. The idea, or practice of using crystals to better one’s life and wellbeing is not a necessarily new type of alternative medicine. In fact, instances of this practice have been found in many ancient civilizations throughout the world including places such as Greece and Egypt.

Like most things crystals don’t start out from nothing. They grow. To understand how crystals grow, scientists must know what they are. Crystals are a type of solid that forms by two different molecules chaining together repeatedly. The process doesn’t actually start that way. It starts with nucleation, which is a process that starts with the lone molecules or another solid matter in the solution. They all have different shapes and sizes based on their growth rate and internal symmetry. When the lone molecules start the process, it’s called unassisted nucleation. In unassisted nucleation, the “solute” in the solution finds other solute molecules, which means they are attracted to each other. Usually these two molecules would be pulled

The main objectives of this experiment was to find the unknown concentration of methylene blue by using a spectrophotometer. I found the maximum absorption for methylene blue and carmine red (please refer to figure 1) and using this I determined a more accurate maximum absorption value for each solution by taking further readings around the peak of each line to determine the maximum. However, the findings of maximum absorption for methylene blue and carmine red may not be as accurate as we think

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compared to β-FePO4 quartz. Moreover, this change in the crystal structure of the quartz also resulted

Summary: X-ray crystallography is a form of x-ray diffraction using crystalline structures. First, a crystal structure is grown that possesses the molecule being studied. The structure is grown most often using vapor diffusion to grow the correct size and shape molecule. Wavelengths are passed through, and then thoroughly analyzed to create a picture that reflects the molecule. Many atoms are too small to pinpoint, so at the end of the process a two dimensional picture is generated, and then transformed into a three dimensional model for each atom.

INTRODUCTION: The pharmaceutical industry has long been trying to improve the effectiveness of certain drugs it would like to introduce and mass-produce. The concept behind many of these drugs is sound; however, they appear to fall short when it comes to some of their chemical properties. These properties, including solubility, stability, intrinsic dissolution and bioavailability, affect the extent to which the body can utilize the drug effectively, and it is thus vital that drugs are developed to have a maximum effect on an individual after administration. This is where pharmaceutical co-crystals are the potential key to advancing drastically the design of drugs by enhancing their bioavailability and solubility. There has been a growing interest in the design of pharmaceutical co-crystals over the past decade and this is only going to escalate as the focus is shifted to designing, synthesising and characterising better and more improved crystalline structures. This report aims to examine and compare several methods in the design, synthesis and characterisation processes of pharmaceutical co-crystals in addition to providing examples of the effectiveness of these co-crystals in pharmaceutics.

In many cases, the three reaction types (hydrolysis, condensation, or aggregation) occur simultaneously (and are difficult to control individually), so slight variation in experimental conditions result in altered particle morphologies and is a serious concern regarding the reproducibility of a synthesis. Furthermore, the as-synthesized metal oxides are often amorphous, and it is difficult to retain full control over the crystallization process. Furthermore nonaqueous sol-gel method in organic solvents without involvement of water molecules is