Lab Report : The Chemical Feat

6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products__

When calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol red are put into a bag and mixed up the type of reaction that occurs is a chemical reaction for the following reasons. Things that indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred are color change, formation of precipitate, formation of gas, and energy transfer in which three of them took place in the reaction of calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol red. The three indicators in this experiment were: a color change, formation of gas, and an energy transfer

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

A chemical reaction is when substances (reactants) change into other substances (products). The five general types of chemical reactions are synthesis (also known as direct combination), decomposition, single replacement (also known as single displacement), double replacement (also known as double displacement), and combustion. In this lab, the five general types of chemical reactions were conducted and observations were taken before, during, and after the reaction. Then the reactants and observations were used to determine the products to form a balanced chemical equation. The purpose of this lab was to learn and answer the question: How can observations be used to determine the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction?

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when H+, OH-, or H20 is added. By using standard lab equipment, a lab pro diagnostic tool, and acidic and basic solutions, the pH can be found. By recording the pH while adding a base or an acid gradually to a buffer solution you can find the capacity of each buffer to resist drastic changes in pH. The best buffers will keep a solution from becoming either too acidic or basic with the addition of a strong base or acid.

The oxidation number of an atom of any free element is ZERO. Means to say there is only one kind of atom present, no charge.

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to be able to perform four different types of chemical reactions. With the information gained from these reactions, identify the products of the reactants with be identified and balanced equations for the reactions observed will be written. Procedure: Provided by Teacher.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the many physical and chemical properties of copper as it undergoes a series of chemical reactions. Throughout this process, one would also need to acknowledge that even though the law of conservation of matter/mass suggests that one should expect to recover the same amount of copper as one started with, inevitable sources of error alter the results and produce different outcomes. The possible sources of error that led to a gain or loss in copper are demonstrated in the calculation of percent yield (percent yield= (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100.

Chloroplast Activity in Cells Questions & Hypothesis In wet lab two, our group decided to use the cells of broccoli to perform our experiments. Part one of our experiment was meant to focus on the presence of chloroplasts in solutions of isolation buffer and DCIP. Our group was attempting to find which cell fractionate solution contained the highest amount of broccoli chloroplasts after three separate suspensions were made (P1, P2, S2). The presence of chloroplasts in the solution is directly related to a decrease in measured absorption of 600 nm wavelengths by a spectrometer (Leicht and McAllister 85).

The photosynthesis lab is comprised of three short experiments. These experiments showed how to understand and apply the absorbance spectrum and which colors and wavelengths correspond to visible light. In order to fully understand this absorbance spectrum and how to apply it, we initially prepared a substance comprised of acetone, a large spinach leaf and petroleum ether and measured its absorbance in the spectrophotometer. This showed us what wavelengths corresponded to the most absorption of the spinach leaf. It is understood that the least amount of absorbance should occur after 500 nm and the lower the number, the lower the absorbency. Thus, the 700 ranges is the very least amount of absorbency and the results showed us that the lowest amount of absorbance was around 740nm, which is an accurate, representation of this solution. Next, to understand what wavelengths of light drive the light reactions you can visibly see in photosynthesis, we used CMS in a variety of tubes and measured its absorbency under white light, no light, and colored filters such as red and green. We then used the chlorophyll extract we originally prepared and painted this on a chromatography strip. We measured the band distances to find out the number of pigments in the spinach leaf. These processes helped emphasize how the chloroplast pigment extract and chloroplast membrane suspension have different functional capabilities and how photosynthesis works.

The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect that different inhibitors, light intensity, and wavelength have on the rate of the Hill Reaction. In the 1930’s, a man named Robert Hill discovered that if thylakoids that were isolated from the stroma of chloroplasts were combined with a dye (DCPIP) that changes colors when it accepts electrons, electron flow could be measured directly with the use of a spectrophotometer [1]. This so-called “Hill Reaction” is an important part of the light reactions in the process of

Review 3: Text Chemical kinetics is the study of rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. In our study of chemical kinetics, experimental data identifying the initial concentrations of reactants and the instantaneous initial rates of multiple trials is used to determine the rate law for the reaction, the order of the reactants, the overall reaction order, and the average rate constant. By comparing the instantaneous initial rates and the initial concentrations of the reactants for two trials, it is possible to deduce the order of each reactant. In order to determine the order of A, the two trials must be selected such that the concentration of A changes while the concentration of B is held constant.

These two pigments, P700 and P680, are same chlorophyll A molecules. However, their relationship with diverse protein molecules in the thylakoid membrane accounts for the slight variances in light-absorbing features. At the reaction center, the absorbed light energy drives an oxidation-reduction

The purpose of this lab was to examine the inhibitor DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) which is a herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis and DCPIP (2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol) which is an electron acceptor and a colorimetric indicator, on the reaction rate of the light reaction. The light reactions of photosynthesis and if chlorophyll will fluoresce under certain circumstances were also examined. An absorbance spectrum was determined by using a spectrophotometer and a slide projector was also used to examine the relationship between absorption and fluorescence wavelengths from the prepared extracted chlorophyll. In this lab the rate of photosynthesis was also examined. There were two tests tubes filled with 1.5% sodium bicarbonate

O2 is utilized as ribulose biphosphate is oxidized and a molecule of phosphoglycolic acid and a molecule of 3-phosphoglyceric acid are formed. This oxidation takes place under the influence of high light intensity. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, an enzyme, facilitates this reaction as it behaves as an oxygenase. only one molecule of oxygen is fixed here.