Lab Report : The Gram Stain

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The outer membrane in the cyanobacterium cell (Phormidium uncinatum) is the structure that makes the cell gram negative. On the other hand, the characteristic that makes the cell gram positive is the thick peptidoglycan layer.

Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown

The main idea of this experiment was to correctly identify the unknown bacteria, #3. Identification of unknown bacteria yields multiple benefits in many different areas in the research of microorganisms. In this experiment I performed many different test dealing with things such as the presence of enzymes, fermentation abilities and different chemical reactions. Observations made from the tests were then compared to a gram negative unknown chart in order to identify the bacteria. Based off of my results and the chart, I concluded the bacteria #3 was the bacteria Escherichia coli. E. coli is most commonly found in the intestines of warm blooded organisms. Most E. coli strands are non pathogenic however, there are strands

Please answer the following questions. Be sure to cite sources with the appropriate APA style references. Please be as thorough as possible and bring your work to class on Tuesday, December 22, 2015.

Gram negative and gram positive bacteria differ from each other in many ways especially in the composition and size of their cell walls. Unlike Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surround by an outer membrane. This outer membrane contains many proteins one of them being lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which contributes to the bacteria’s negative charge. One part of this protein is a lipid, called Lipid A, which is considered an endotoxin because this lipid triggers an immune response stimulating fever

b.Describe how the organism would look if it is stained with nigrosin. How does this stain interact with the cell?

n.d.). Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made up of a thin layer of Peptidoglycan, which is covered with an outer membrane of Lipoprotein and Lipopolysaccharide, and a bipolar-staining coccobacillus is an oval shaped bacterial cell with two poles that is in between coccus and bacillus forms (Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003.). It is also known as an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning that it is a microorganism causing disease that is only able to survive in a particular environment or by taking on a particular role. This particular pathogen can only survive when concentrated in blood (Sutyak, Katia. n.d.). This fermentative, motile organism produces a thick antiphagocytic, or a cell that prevents the action of phagocytes, slime layer as it moves (Sutyak, Katia. n.d.). Phagocytes are cells that absorb detrimental microorganisms, unwanted material, and other foreign bodies within the bloodstream and tissues (The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Mifflin, Houghton.

It was a pleasure of mine to work on this report and would appreciate feedback. If you have any questions, you can reach me at 469-449-8853 or email me at b.mathew23@Gmail.com

This report was very well layed out. It was in a slideshow format which made it very easy to follow because every individual topic had its own slide. Although the site was very clear, the slides only contained the bare minimum to inform the reader about each topic. The author left out some little details that could have made this slideshow much more

Life is full of bacteria that can be beneficial and harmful at the same time. They are the smallest living things that can be found everywhere in the air, soil, water, and even in our body. We actually share our body with many bacteria. Therefore, without the good bacteria we could die because the good bacteria can help digest the food we eat and protects us from bad bacteria that make us sick. On the other hand, living with those organism can be harmful and can cause many diseases. Some of these diseases are produced when bacteria attack the tissues in a plant or animal. Also, it can attack organisms by releasing chemicals. Therefore, they can cause damage to a persons body. These pathogenic organisms are able to reproduce rapidly and split into two identical copies of themselves.

This report was written entirely by me and has not received any previous academic credit at this or any other institution.

The Gram-positive cell wall is composed of peptidoglycans, a thick layer of protein-sugar complexes taking up 60-90% of their cell wall. Peptidoglycan is composed of two glucose derivatives, N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine alternated and cross-linked by tetrapeptides that is composed of L-alanine, D-glutamine, L-lysine

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