Essay on Lab report: blood glucose regulation

The normal range of BGL for most of the healthy individuals when fasting is between 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L and up to 7.8 mmol/L approximately 2 hours after eating (Morris 2014).

3. Explain what caused the change in plasma ketone concentration over the course of the experiment.

(TCO 4) After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

3. What would happen to the amount of H+ secreted into the renal tubule if the activity of the Na+ /K+

Graph 2 represents that patient A has a much lower initial glucose concentration than patient B. The glucose concentration of patient A reached its maximum in the first 30 minutes, this is due to the quick release of insulin from the body. Whereas, patient B had a slower reaction to releasing insulin which allowed for longer time to be taken for glucose concentration to reach its maximum. The sudden decrease of the glucose concentration in patient A displays the conversion of glucose molecules being stored as energy. In comparison, the gradual change of the slope show that as patient B releases small amount of insulin, it takes more time for glucose molecules to be converted as energy. It can be concluded that patient B has diabetes as the

c) What other hormones could affect Mitchell’s appetite? Where do these hormones originate, and what are their effects? Use the textbook and the resources from the resource

5. When was plasma insulin/glucagon concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times

Answer 1: Insulin and glucagon work together to keep glucose levels in the blood within the

Glucagon keeps glucose from being low. Glucagon causes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. when this happens glucose is released from the liver to the bloodstream.

Secretion of insulin is mainly modulated by the existing levels of glucose in the blood and interstitial fluid (Zhao & Keating, 2007).During the fasting period, the basal rate of insulin secretion is to maintain the plasma glucose level 4 to 5.5 mmol/l (70 to 100 mg/dl)(Horton, 2009). . After ingestion of food a quick increase of insulin secretion occurs in response to incretin hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal system, followed by the rise in plasma glucose level.(Kim & Egan, 2008)

A-Rapid-acting insulin: the onset of it is 5-15 min and it duration about 3-5 hours . It take immediately before eating the meal .An example : 1- Apidra (insulin glulisine) 2- Novolog (insulin aspart ) 3- Humalog 4- Afrezza (inhaled) . it commonly prescribed to people with type 1 diabetes and also for type 2 in some cases . - Due to rapid acting it can lead to increase the chance of hypoglycemia to occur. - Control high blood sugar , which

Among the wide array of cellular responses resulting from insulin ‘activation,' the key step in glucose metabolism is the immediate activation and increased levels of GLUT4 glucose transporters. By the facilitative transport of glucose into the cells, the glucose transporters effectively remove glucose from the blood stream. Insulin binding results in changes in the activities and concentrations of intracellular enzymes such as GLUT4. These changes can last from minutes to hours. As important as insulin is to preventing too high of a blood glucose level, it is just as important that there not be too much insulin and hypoglycemia. As one step in monitoring insulin levels, the enzyme insulinase (found in the liver and kidneys) breaks down blood-circulating insulin resulting in a half-life of about six minutes for the hormone. This degradative process ensures that levels of circulating insulin are modulated and that blood glucose levels do not get dangerously low.

In a person without diabetes, the body keeps the plasma glucose level between meals in the range of 70-99 milligrams per deciliter. It will rise depending on how big your meal is, however, quickly returns to normal. In a person with diabetes, the blood glucose level rises abnormally high after eating, takes much longer to come down, and doesn’t return to normal range. Even during periods of fasting. Therefore. To determine if you have diabetes, a doctor must test your blood glucose levels

The changes in blood sugar levels are shown in table 4. On day 0, before

highest an hour or two after you eat, and then it starts to fall. What