Lack Of Indoor Coverage And Low Data Rates

While the majority of end user these days have hand held cellular devices, many of them think it ends there. Most cellular calls still end up utilizing the fixed wires that have been installed worldwide. While cellular coverage can degrade and is even non-existent in some areas of the United States, the copper cables and fiber that have been installed since the late over the last century plus are there to pick up these users.

Wireless DSL is a type of fixed wireless which requires a line of sight between communicating transmitters. Unfortunately; this makes its application limited, because in order to be effective, it requires tall buildings or towers. Most multitenant buildings such as hotels, remote office buildings and apartments use this. Transmitters are what connect the building to the ISP, and the DSL used inside the building connects to the wireless transceiver. Fixed wireless can be point to point or multipoint. Satellite is another form of fixed wireless. Both the point-to-point and multipoint versions have data transmissions ranging from 1.5 to 54 Mbps, dependent on the vendor. Mobile wireless service can be set up by the provider in a package one the WAP network protocol is fixed to support it. (Wireless Application Environment) (Fitzgerald, 349-350).

A networking framework in which devices communicated with each other by first going through an Access Point (AP). In infrastructure mode wireless devices can communicate with each other or can communicate with a wired network. With one AP is connected to wired network and a set of wireless stations it is referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). An extended service set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs that from a single sub network. Most corporate wireless LAN operates in infrastructure mode because they require access to the wireless LAN in order to use services such as file services or printers. A cellular network or mobile network is a wireless infrastructure base network distributed over land areas called cells.

Mastec Incorporated has been working in the past month on a project designed to reduce time spent on the phone trying to activate receivers. The project is a necessity for the organization and that was reflected in the feasibility report. The design process was also successful and now the organization is ready for implementation. Implementation is a critical step in the system design process, because during this step all the planning comes to life. This paper will discuss the major activities that should be included in the implementation stage.

Cellular network consisted of 2 parts, cell tower or base station and mobile phone. Industry environment of the cell tower part is considered "Supplier Power" due to the limitation of equipment manufacturers. For instance, Sprint only utilizes a few cell tower suppliers – Lucent, Motorola, and Nortel, where these suppliers also produce equipment

In 1991 wifi was invented, and as the years go on wifi has been developing and changing in the most incredible ways. Wifi has also changed on how we communicate with people, and how we shop for items. As changes come, trouble also comes with it. In recent years, parents have been blaming wifi for the recent problems their children have been facing. The research and studies that have been conducted shows that an increase in wifi access and coverage does not pose a danger to students in

Many technologies that came to be discovered in the last half century were revolutionary. From the radio to internet many began as private offerings and were then taken up by the state or even municipality for public service at subsidized costs. The municipal WiFi network was one such idea where in the initial stages it evoked a lot of enthusiasm. Municipal broadband is a system provided by the city-wide broadband network at very cheap price less than DSL or cable modem service. These were the unlicensed Wi-Fi, but fiber optics and WiMAX were also used for municipal broadband. From the year 2005 to 2008, more than 300 "city clouds" came to be which were abandoned halfway. These included the mesh networking to allow WiFi nodes to wirelessly interconnect the mobile ad hoc networks--MANET and the MeshNetworks of Motorola and the municipality service providers like Seattle wireless were some of the early contenders. As the movement advocating a free community WiFi grew, San Francisco experimented with a community LAN. Many protocols were designed around it including the Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol--PWRP and the enthusiasts were seen to predict in 2005 that by 2010 the municipal Wi-Fi networks would cover 126,000 square miles. This did not materialize because of the costs that were exponential. The cost of installing the

Mobile and fixed networks are now both extremely developed in today’s modern world. It is now completely possible to get blazing fast internet with wither a fixed line provider, or a mobile provider. The services provide more than internet though, also frequently providing phone and/or television services. These networks are far from perfect though.

The world of technology as we know it is now changing drastically. As the years progress new technology will replace the old. Individuals want faster services that are reliable. Wireless technology is going to be really important to have. It is already important in both the home and office sense. Wireless networks are already starting to replace Wired Networks. Nobody wants to have cables in their homes and offices anymore. The reason is simple and to the point: there isn’t a point to having long cables laying on the floor or having to make holes to push the cables in walls and through walls. The things that individuals and companies need to know is that Wireless Networks are catching up. The new technology that is coming out will make having a wireless network better than having a wired network. This will make having a wireless network a better choice to have than a wired network.

The third fact needed to understand the spectrum bands is that handsets are designed to work on only a few of the many available spectrum bands. Some of the existing spectrum bands include PCS, 700MHz, AWS, 850 MHz, among others. The manufacturers of handsets aim at keeping their handsets compact and also extending the battery life of the handset. Therefore, they design the handset to operate on specified frequencies with particular technologies. The fourth fact is that the propagation characteristics of spectrum bands vary. For example, in the case of mobile wireless providers, the cellular technology used to provide service is required to penetrate walls so that it can be used inside buildings. The propagation characteristics here have some advantages on the networks that use the

The wireless channel is different and much more unpredictable than the wire line channel because of factors such as multipath and shadow fading, Doppler shift, and time dispersion or delay spread. These factors are all related to variability introduced by mobility of the user and the wide range of environmental conditions that are encountered as a result.

This reality is attributed to the very nature of cellular technology's evolution. From the beginning, mobile handset manufacturers and wireless service providers were actively engaged in building and installing infrastructure in emerging markets where land line communication was limited.

High traffic capacity is achieved with smaller cells and microcell systems which cover downtown hotspot areas. Microcells are characterized by lower antenna heights and lower power levels when compared with ordinary macrocells and hence offer high outdoor traffic capacity but low indoor coverage. Thus an indoor system should supply better coverage and high capacity simultaneously. These needs are fulfilled by using a large number of small radio-ports into the cellular system.

Cellular refers to a network technology that facilitates mobile device communication over areas comprised of cells and transceivers, which are also known as base stations or cell sites. In a cellular network, the most widely used mobile transceivers are mobile phones, or cell phones.

For example, the connecting signal between wireless phone and the base station could drop or end as person calling from that phone drive into a tunnel or walk into a building because the walls of the building or tunnel blocks the signal to reach to mobile phone . These locations are referred as “dead zones,” “coverage holes,” “dead spots” or “obstructed areas.”