Lactase

Thesis: Humans are designed to drink human milk, not cow’s milk. Humans should really old drink milk during infancy and that’s because all of the hormones in cow’s milk can cause many health issues.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Lactose Intolerance Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the predominant sugar of milk. This inability results from a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is normally produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into simpler forms that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. When there is not enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose consumed, the results, although not usually dangerous, may be very distressing. While not all persons deficient in lactase have symptoms, those who do are considered to be lactose intolerant.

Secondary to the discussion post assignment for this week, I learned about lactose intolerance. When an individual drinks milk, an enzyme lactase, breaks down the lactose in the milk into two monosaccharides glucose and galactose which the individual then uses as energy for the body (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.93). However, numerous individuals lack the necessary lactase needed to properly break down the lactose in their small intestine, resulting in bacteria in the colon breaking

Lactose is a sugar that can be put into smaller molecules, glucose and galactose. Lactose is when you are not able to digest milk and dairy meaning that the enzyme lactase that breaks down lactose is not functioning properly. ONPG was used as a substitute for lactase because even though it is colorless it helps show enzyme activity by turning yellow. This experiment measured the absorbance ONPG when exposed to lactase within an environment of different salinity’s. The enzyme, lactase, was obtained by crushing a lactaid pill and then was added into four cuvettes. ONPG and salt solution of different concentrations were added and their levels of absorption was measured by a spectrophotometer. The results showed that higher salt concentrations have a lower level of absorption. There were 4 cuvettes and within those cuvettes that solutions within them were being tested and the results showed the more salt solution added with the lactase the lower the absorbance. The less salt solution there was a higher rate of absorbance. The data supported the hypothesis that with increasing NaCl concentration there would be a decrease in enzyme activity.

-Lactase deficiency is a deficiency in the enzyme that breaks down lactose. The causes of lactase deficiency include congenital defects, secondary lactase deficiency, and primary (acquired).

1. EMG 9 and EMG 26 contain strain _lac-_(I- Z+ Y+) and strain _lac -_ (I+ Z- Y-)respectively.Three genes huddled together on the chromosome are required for two strains of _E.coli_ to utilize lactose.Consisting of three genes, namely, _lacZ_, _lacY_ and _lacA_, the _lac_ operon orderly handles these genes to code specific enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lactose. The genes _lacZ_, _lacY_ and _lacI_ would code for beta-galactosidase, galactosidase permease and _lac_ repressor respectively. Regulation of _lac_ operon is also tight and the operon's negative control is made possible by _lac_ repressor (Hill, 1996). With the presence of _lac_ repressor, _lac_ operon will be deactivated and will

The final rule regulates the type of milk offered in schools. Unflavored milk is required to be low fat (≤1%) and flavoured milk must be fat free. The USDA (2012) claims 1% or ½% flavored milk provides added sugar and fat in meals, and allowing this type of milk would make it difficult for schools to stay within the limits on calories and saturated fats. The USDA (2012) anticipates the calorie restrictions within the new standards will cause menu planners to select milk with the lowest levels of added sugar. While a few commenters suggested the USDA set limits on a maximum level of added sugar in flavored milk, the USDA (2012) claims placing limits on calorie allowance will allow menu planners more flexibility than placing limits on added sugar. The nutrition standards for non-dairy milk substitutes for

The enzyme that will be used in this experiment is lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down a sugar found in milk called lactose into glucose and galactose. Lactase is found in the small intestine, and is naturally produced by the body. If someone’s body does not produce the lactase properly, or the lactase itself doesn’t act properly, that person would be considered lactose intolerant. This means your body would not be able to digest milk properly, and you could suffer symptoms such as cramping, diarraea, painful gas, and nausea after having some sort of dairy. If one would was lactose intolerant, but wanted to have some sort of dairy product, they could take a lactase supplement. The lactase in the supplement will break down the lactose

If someone is lactose intolerant, that means that they are lacking the enzyme lactase, so the lactose does not get broken down into galactose and glucose. If lactose goes undigested it creates many problems. It causes dehydrations because water and electrolytes get pulled into the intestines by the lactose, which acts like an osmotic agent. The result of the increased amount of lactose would be diarrhea, bloating, and gassiness. Although being lactose intolerant seems to be abnormal, it is actually natural. The production of the enzyme, lactase, is a mutation of the LTC gene, it allows us to produce lactase as adults. In all other mammals lactase is produced during infancy but not during adulthood.

The other thing that we should consider before using dairy products is from the ethical point of view. Drinking cow’s milk or consuming any dairy product is equal to torturing thousands of cows, due to changing their nature and way of living in order to make them useable for ourselves. It has become evident that milk is not the only source and product that we can reach vitamins, proteins and calcium from, in fact there are many natural and healthy products that we can reach out those factors that we are looking for it in milk, for instance fruits. Contrary to common belief, people should stop consuming milk because it is unhealthy, unnatural and unethical.

“Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk. It is produced by the cells lining of the small intestine. Most people are born producing it, but often make less of it as they age, which causes lactose intolerance the symptoms for this include nausea, bloating, and diarrhea to name a few. This enzyme is produced

In the digestion process, carbohydrates are digested from the mouth by the enzyme by salivary amylase, in the stomach there isn't much further break down until when it gets to the small intestines. Every sugar requires its enzyme to digest it, for example maltose requires maltase so lactose requires lactase. Lactase enzyme is naturally produced by cells in the small intestine lining; it breaks lactose into its simple sugars which are glucose and galactose. It cannot be absorbed in its complex state.

Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose. Lactose is the sugar found in milk. It is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. Therefore it is a disaccharide that needs to break down in order to be digested. However some people are “Lactose Intolerant” or lack lactase in their bodies. This means that they cannot consume lactose-contained food or drinks or they need help digesting it. People who are lactose intolerant must be very selective to make sure that they do not eat food or drinks with lactose. There are pills though, which are purchased by lactose intolerant people. This pill helps the people break down the sugar lactose into its smaller components.

Lactose intolerance occurs when the body has a hard time digesting dairy products. Lactose is a milk sugar and is broken down by enzymes in the intestinal track, allowing the enzymes to be used as an energy source. Lactase is an enzyme which breaks down lactose. Lactose intolerance occurs when the intestine does not contain lactase (Jackson). Low lactose activity in the small intestine, allows undigested lactose to pass into the colon, where the bacteria are able to convert the sugar into hydrogen gas and organic acids. This causes symptoms such as bloating and cramping (“Lactose Intolerance”). The two causes of lactose intolerance are primary lactase deficiency and secondary lactase deficiency. In primary lactase deficiency the level of lactase enzyme falls as a person gets older. This does not allow the person to tolerate the amount of lactose that they were used to. This affects around 70 percent of the population. Secondary lactase deficiency is a temporary condition in which the level of lactase drops due to a problem in a person’s digestive