After decades of conflict, countries across Central America emerged from the 1980s with a renewed possibility. Among the major accomplishments of that era was land reform and the creation of large reserves that aside large swaths of land for the sake of biodiversity.
Hundreds of thousands of acres were placed within their borders in the name of conservation.
According the forest activists, often overlooked was the role indigenous people played in preserving these habitats in the first place. Scant attention was paid to the rights of the indigenous people living within the boundaries of these conservation zones who earned their livelihoods through hunting and foraging, farming and forest resources. At times, restrictions placed on
In efforts to restore the land back to normal, the federal government along with other agencies, created new rules and regulations to help improve the rehabilitation of the land. Some adjustments included: imposing that farmers plant trees and grass to anchor the soil, to plow and terrace in contour patterns to hold rainwater, and also was the emergence of allowing certain parts of the farmland to lie fallow each year so the soil there can regenerate. The government also purchased 11.3 million acres of land to so that the land would not be used for farming and other agriculture processes.
Conservation was the most important reform, from this time period, since it worked towards protecting the United State’s physical environment which leads to obtaining the essential resources of nature, preserving the naturality of the planet, and living a higher quality of life.
by forbidding the sale of any land within the reserve unless it was turned over to the
In the 1500s the first settlers settled in an area near the Gulf of Fonseca this territory would later be known as El Salvador. Soon after the territory was conquered by Spanish rule in 1524 and ruled by King Charles I of Spain until their independence in 1838 (Background, 2012). Struggling with the new found independence this new nation was curse with constant revolutions and over-turning of governments (Background, 2012). Situated in the middle of the fresh region called Central America this sovereign state had neither major resources nor growing economy, whereas other nations had an industry to depend on once the colonial power leaves this nation was forced to start from scratch.
The real situations that many Central Americans faced were either from backlash of communism resulting in U.S involvement or just straight up domination
* Permit the Dakota and Lakota to hunt in areas of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota until the buffalo were gone;
The Yirrkala Bark Petition of 1963 was a result of Governments giving native Aboriginal land to mining companies on a mining lease. The Aboriginals claimed that their land was being taken away from them without compensation. The aim of this particular protest was to gain back the land that had been given away through the mining lease and be apologised to by the Australian government. These aims are summarised in the aborigine’s simple desire to be accepted into the Australian community and to be granted rights as well as acknowledgment that they have ties to the land. The local Yirrkala elders signed an ornate and artistic petition to have the mining lease revoked. As a result, the government set up a committee to oversee the decision made and to mediate future decision on similar matters. Despite the lease going ahead, it was acknowledged that there were Aboriginal sacred sites on the land where the lease was valid and it was agreed that those sites would be protected. This decision alone didn’t have a great effect however it showed the Aboriginals that the Australian government acknowledged there ties to the land and it showed the Australian government that the Aboriginals did have rights to regions throughout Australia even if those rights were not to be recognised for almost 30 years.
From the literature presented in a course dealing with United States relations with Latin America during the Cold War, it is interesting that political and cultural intervention in Central America, as an important and driving social construct, is not a central role in the observations and analyses of the scholars. While it would make sense that our Western understanding of the concept does not translate in the same ways in this particular context, it still seems as though studies of the political, economic, and social situation in the region’s various countries would feature this discussion in a more prominent manner. Noting this discrepancy, this paper includes historiographic works from historians who either directly or indirectly address
Indigenous people hold a great deal of respect for the forest, because it both protected them and provided for them everything they needed. They live a sustainable existence, taking
The reasons for the SICA not achieving the same regional governance the European Union are given by the irregular way in which the process was carried out by the interference of external actors, an unstable level of political commitment among the member states due to the internal problems of each state, and the lack of supranationality within the integrating effort. Historically, the integration model of the European Union has represented an exceptional reference for the efforts of both the regional and global integration. In this sense, the Central American region is a particular case that is still trying in improving and extending the level of integration for the general benefit of the isthmus; however, integration is not yet comparable in
As most locals have no other viable alternative to generate income for their families. Furthermore indigenous peoples often receive little education regarding global affairs and may not recognise the need for conservation.
While these areas enjoy a high level of protection, they often displace local people or mean enforcement of land use that marginalizes historical stewards of the land. However, “it is now recognized in parts of Africa, for example, that local people should be compensated for the loss of access to resources they suffer when wildlife parks are created” (Scheyvens 1999: 246).
Other programs helping create this money consist of things such as the sale of duck stamps, bag tags, and licenses to go hunting (Herring 116). Tags and duck stamps must be bought to take an animal and must be put on the animal that they are specifically bought for; licenses are also required to legally go hunting. With ninety-eight cents of every dollar from the sale of these three important items going directly to the conservation of habitat, over $4.7 million are made to protect nature each day solely from just tags, stamps, and licenses (Herring 116). From duck stamps alone, $700 million dollars has gone straight towards purchasing 5.2 million acres worth of land for wildlife refuge and the protection of wildlife for future generations to come (Herring 116). So what does all of this money do to help habitat and conservation? Hunters are responsible for providing habitat for the game they hunt, and that is one of the largest things that they do. Solely from hunting alone, 230 million acres of designated public
According to the Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013, "wildlife conservancy" means: Land set aside by an individual, land owners, body corporate, group of owners or community for purpose of wildlife conservation. for Following the enactment of the Act, wildlife conservation is now a recognized form of land use. There are incentives for largescale landowners to convert private ranches to conservancies. Presently, there are between 133-140 conservancies spread across 22 counties covering over 7.5 million acres. In Isiolo county, we have 8 conservancies straddling across the county. In the recent past, there has been an ongoing battle between conservancies and the local communities. Dozens of people have been killed or injured.
Granting legal recognition to the rights of traditional forest dwelling communities, partially correcting the injustice caused by the forest laws