Land Grant Universities

The Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 was the beginning of American Public Education. This trend was designed to provide equal opportunity to the different socioeconomic groups.

Classes taught would help farmers produce more and it also taught young people skilled trades that we needed to help improve and build up our country. Schools now worked to teach agriculture and new agriculture tactics along with mechanics and military tactics all while still teaching literary and scientific studies. The Morrill Act is also credited with helping to provide new leaders and workers for the country.

In 1862, the Land-Grant College Act or Morrill Act was signed into being; it supplied the land for educational facilities that would focus on “agriculture and mechanic arts” and provide military training as part of the education. The act was named after Justin Smith Morrill, a congressman from Vermont, and would grant “each state 30,000 acres for each of its congressional seats.” The states could sell off the granted land to fund schools, both new and pre-existing. The Morrill Act provided the foundation for many colleges such as the University of Georgia ("Land-Grant Colleges").

The topic of this paper is the states’ decreasing financial support of higher education, the reaction and response from institutions who have lost funding, and the creative ways public institutions are locating additional streams of revenue. States have been the primary backer of public institutions, but since the recession states have shown less commitment financially while still heavily regulating higher education. As a result some institutions have had to change their practices while others have challenged their state’s regulations all together. Many have speculated that state funding may never return to its former highs. Rather than make an enemy of the state, some schools have discovered new and unconvential ways of raising funds for their institution.

In 1852 when John Henry Newman wrote his essay, “The Idea of a University,” he wanted to convey that a University’s purpose was to be able to educate first-rate members of the social order. Newman’s theory, although over a hundred years old, still applies to today’s college students; many are seeking higher educations to not only lead to successful careers, but to also become an improved person in society.

In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Land Grant College Act into law. This Act, also known as the Morrill Act, was named after U.S. Representative Justin Smith Morrill from Vermont, who first introduced the bill. The Land Grant College Act laid the groundwork for a system that funded public universities around the country. Because of this Act, states were able to provide funding to universities as a result of the sale of the federal land that was given to these states . This transformation allowed higher education to be more available and affordable to all social classes.

Abstract: This paper will discuss the Federal Pell Grant and the legislation behind it as well as the Higher Education Act of 1965 and it’s reforms since then. This appears purpose is to show the faults within these programs and to then show possible ways people have tried to reform it. The final part of this paper will be my opinion on how the legislation can be fixed along with using data and information from recent research done on the subject. It is the hopes that these recommendations will then be used to further stabilize this piece of legislation in the future.

9. A college such as The University of Illinois could provide farmers with the knowledge of new technology that could give them better crops for possibly less cost and a way to limit production. Additionally, it could teach farmers how to respond to new market

As for this second reaction paper, I chose to react to the 1890 Land- Grant Universities 1890-2015 video. After watching this video about Justin Smith Morrill, I can say my knowledge on higher education systems during the late 1800s has broadened. Throughout watching this video on land grant acts, my eyes have opened to realizing the span of time it took to allow African Americans the right of higher education. I am surprised that it took around 30 years for the second Morrill act to come into affect. Something that leads me wanting to know more during watching this video was in regards to graduation rate. Considering the increase of students becoming accepted into universities across America, I am interested in graduation rates. This could go either way in my opinion. Lastly, I will speak about how this video relates to myself being a first

While the 1800’s were full of groundbreaking inventions it is also home to many changes in quality of life and living, including the educational reform, the prison reform and the abolition movement. In the early 1800s getting an education was not a priority or option for most children. While it was often class based and varied between the north and south. Most children attended little to no school and the education they did receive was provided by unqualified teachers who received little pay. The education reform directed by Horace Mann helped bring about state sponsored public education, with curriculum and local property tax to finance education. Horace Mann believed that “popular schooling could be transformed into a powerful instrument for social unity.” (https://www.mackinac.org/2035) The organizarional model Mann and others adopted for massachusetts was the Prussian educational system. Allowing for the state to control education from lower grades up to the university level. Along with the state supervising the training of the teachers, children were

Arkansas State University created from a farming school established on April 1, 1909 by Act 100 of the 37th Arkansas General Assembly. It was made as one of four Arkansas secondary schools to show agribusiness, agriculture and the craft of material assembling. Today, the college gifts bachelor's, expert's and doctoral degrees through its different universities. With front line research capacities, Arkansas State is expanding on its initial hundred years and looking to what's to come.

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the altered missions of community colleges and related impacts on the historical mission of community colleges. The mission of community colleges were intended to serve all individuals with an equal opportunity for higher education access. In this research paper, there will be four guided questions:

As the land-grant institution in the very first state to adopt the Morrill Act, Iowa State University wholeheartedly supports the mission of sharing knowledge beyond the campus borders” (“Mission and Vision”). A land-grant university is an institution that has been designated by Congress to receive the benefits of the Morrill Act. The goal of a land-grant institution was to make higher education available to everybody and not just certain kinds of people, teach practical subjects, and share the knowledge with people throughout the states. (Pounds and Jones). The Reiman Gardens corresponds with the definition of a land-grant institution because a land-grant institution wants to provide for students and the Reiman Garden clearly does that.

Alfred Fitzpatrick also spoke to this issue in his text based on the Frontier College, where he argued for the increased efforts towards extending the university to all, as well as the need to bring higher education to the masses through the decentralization of educational

1. The land-grant program has shown it's flexibility that even though the program is much different than a century ago, the mission has not changed. There will always be a need to have education for agriculture, mechanical arts, and FACS because those are foundational parts or our society. The way the programs are implemented might change, but the different programs offered and overall goals of the program will not. The only way it may change in the future would be to implement more technology based programs.