Al 1050 English Essay

In the early 16th century, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan named the largest ocean in the world ‘O Mar Pacífico’ meaning peaceful sea. What Magellan didn’t know is that his arrival would mark a fateful new era for the inhabitants of the pacific and forever disrupt whatever peace they had before. In “The Other One-Third of the Globe,” anthropologist Ben Finney explains the history the habitation of the Pacific islands. He looks at the complete human history of the islands, not just the colonial period, which was unusual but very refreshing.

The film “The Linguists” follows linguists Gregory Anderson and David Harrison on their journey to learn about and document endangered languages in Bolivia, India, Arizona, and Siberia. Through their quest, they are able to interact with some of the few remaining speakers of languages that are near death and they manage to make an impact on how these communities view their heritage language. Focusing on the moribund languages of Siberia and Arizona, it becomes evident that speakers of the heritage language feel a love for the language and the culture it represents, but went through periods of oppression and embarrassment for being speakers of a minority language that ultimately shaped their attitudes on the language.

The Social Model of disability came about through the disability movement and other organisation campaigning for equal rights, opportunities and choices for disabled people. The social model of disability recognises that any problem of disability are created by society and its institution and that The Discrimination Acts are tools to help to improve the response of society to disability, also a wheel chair user is not hampered by their disability but by lack of adequate access to buildings. The social model may impact upon our practise as we would provide inclusive environments as a starting point for all children. The Scope website stated ‘The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way

Ken Wiwa presents several ideas pertaining to language and culture within his essay, Get Beyond Babel. Wiwa explains that every language has a chance of dying out over time. For any language to survive through years of societal changes, it must be adapted so it can be used to embrace other cultures, new technology and new perspectives. Wiwa presents the concept that language is the same as culture. I do not agree with this concept because I believe that culture is carried by the people, not by the language.

1.1. When assessing development some factors need to be taken into account one of these is confidentiality, this means that you will need permission from a child’s parents/carers before doing observations, also when information is wrote down about a child is important that it is kept in a safe place were only the relevant people can access it. Also making sure that information about a child is only shared with parents/carers or colleagues and professionals that have the right to know. Another factor to take into account is a child’s wishes and feelings, this means to take into account the child’s wishes when doing an observation or assessment. The child may not want to be assessed at

As a child, around the age of five, I became friends with the children of a family that had just moved to our neighborhood from Hawaii. The parents would occasionally make statements in a language that the children could not speak. I realize now that they were making these statements in Hawaiian, although they did not speak the language fluently, and their children did not speak the language at all. Unfortunately, this loss of language from one generation to the next has been quite common in Hawaii since the early nineteen-hundreds when the influence of the United States resulted in institutionalized language death.

Belonging to one of the largest ethnic groups in Asia, the Hmong language has an ample number of speakers, however the distance between the communities has prevented the widespread use of the language and has also created several distinct dialects. In order to prevent this language from unnecessarily going extinct, moving forward with preventative preservation measures, specifically in regards to education, is imperative. Such measures may include immersion schools, computer programs, and bilingual education.

In the essay “Last Words,” published on the first of October in 2006, the author Walter Michaels instills an idea of what to do when a language is loss. Throughout the essay, he gives examples of how languages are (and how they could be) lost. He also points out, that even though many of those reasons have been eliminated, that languages continue to go extinct. Thus, the author brings up the point, “Why would it be a tragedy if English disappeared?” Although people mourn the loss of a language, Michaels argues that speakers of the dying language should exert effort to learn the dominate one.

This loss of language persists in today’s era though it has improved as time passes. Though Hawaiian phrases such as aloha and ohana are commonly used due to the popularization of media and film, the use of the language in daily life in terms of use of literature and communication is not as frequent. The Hawaiian language revival movement, known as the Ku’ikahi ‘Olelo Hawai’i (Brezinger and Heinrich, 2010), was stimulated by the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. The movement itself began with the resurfacing of Hawaiian dance and song and later encompassed the language in daily use. A central figure in the movement is Doctor Larry Kimura who spent years documenting the speech of the last Hawaiian language speakers on the island and worldwide (University of Hawaii, Hilo, n.d.). Additionally, Doctor Kimura emphasized the importance education has on spreading the Hawaiian language to future generations in order to keep the language alive. In speaking solely Hawaiian to children during their developmental years, ages 0-5 (The First Five Years, n.d.), the children can continue using their first language for the rest of their life even as they learn English when they grow older. Furthermore, with Doctor Kimura’s awareness in the importance of education, children can continue using the language when they enter school, due to the fact that many public and private schools teach the curriculum in a bilingual, or medium, setting, incorporating English and Hawaiian. This course of

threatened or endangered, and which are the languages that have the fewest speakers in the

Over centuries we have seen the amount and complexity of languages all across the globe reduced. If this trend continues, we could see the number of world languages potentially reduced from 6,000 to 600 in the future. Colonization and urbanization has led to the abolishment of languages spoke by smaller and less dominant civilizations. McWhorter uses the Native Americans in North America and the Aboriginal

Language change happens every day. New words are constantly being added and new dialects are forming. People have always argued about the causes of language change and tried to control the changes that occurred but ultimately they accomplished nothing. Languages changes and spread as a result of the people who use it daily. African American English and California English are both examples of the different ways language can change. People try to resist the changes in their language because they do not want to see it change. Language change is a natural process that can be affected by others but never stopped. This course has done an excellent job explaining how language change starts and spreads.

Tok Pisin, one of the official national languages of Papua New Guinea, and Hawaiian Creole English have similar historical developments. However the two languages are used differently in school and in the church. Both languages are viewed differently by non speakers. Lastly both pidgin languages are currently having struggles keeping the language alive.

The current sociopolitical structure of developing and developed countries is a result of colonization and imperialism. Language death and linguistic endangerment is woven in with colonization and the history of oppression toward indigenous communities by the colonizers. We cannot speak of language “death” without fist acknowledging the speakers and the systematic oppression that indigenous communities continue struggling to resist. The death of a language has both linguistic and cultural consequences within the particular community affected as well as the world’s knowledge diversity. Languages serve as carriers of cultural knowledge, thorough identity and verbal art; hence, when a language is lost key cultural resources, such as continuity and oral traditions are lost. In this essay I will discuss how economic incentives interrelated with the hegemonic language and language ideologies are two great causes of language death or sleeping languages. In addition, it will highlight what is lost when languages die and will examine how Jane Hill (2002) and Peter Whitely (2003) critique the scholarship on language endangerment. Furthermore, I will share my perspective of Hill and Whitely’s critique of linguistic scholars trend to popularize concepts of universal ownership, hyperbole and apolitical concept of language rights.

This essay will discuss about the changes of phonetic and functions of Indonesian Borrowing words (Loan-word) that is taken from English. Loan-word is the adopting of the words from different languages (Yule, 2006: 54). Besides, borrowing is the most useful way to create a new word. A language borrows words from another language to fill a “lexical gap” (Takeshi, 1990: 330). Indonesian in example has adopted words from others languages. However, Indonesian has changed the Phonetic of the words. Moreover, phonetic changes are influenced by the different tongue of the native English and Indonesian people. Indonesian people’s tongue cannot express English fluently. Therefore, they change the phonetic of a word into easier way to express. Moreover, the changing is not only happen in spoken language but also written language. Additionally, Indonesian has reasons to borrow language. This essay will focus on Indonesian that is influenced by local dialect. In addition, this essay will discuss about the function of English borrowing words in Indonesia.