Language Perception

Some of the characteristics of those who have autism consist of repetitive thinking and compulsive attention in things like symbols, languages and numbers. The cause of autism is not yet known as of now, however, many people consider it a genetic disorder which takes place at birth. Christopher Boone has one specific form of autism known as Asperger’s syndrome, his disorder is reflected through his fascination with mathematics, detail, astronomy and colours; his thoughts on routine and violent hatred to interaction, even though it is not specified in the book. In 1943 Leo Kanner a psychiatrist published a paper surrounded around the research of 11 young patients that fit into a fine variety of diagnostic principles that he measured out to be autistic. During Kanner’s career he has seen fewer than 150 cases that go with the description he came up with of the syndrome, he theorised that autism was very unsupported and rare. Autism turned out to be a foundation of embarrassment and several of those who were diagnosed were certified; in the 1970s everything started to change (Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Simons Foundation, n.d.). Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner both used the word autism, in the 1940s when they were doing

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

What is the name of the test? The name of this test is Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS).

The first review of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition was authored by KORESSA KUTSICK MALCOLM, School Psychologist, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, Staunton, VA. The second edition of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was developed for use a wider array of health care professionals as well as to establish general characteristics of children with autism who exhibit higher intellectual ability. They also made slight changes to the format of the rating book. The test comes in three forms; The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–Standard Version, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–High-Functioning Version and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second

The diagnosis of students of autism brings long-term effects that can increase the functionality of the child 's life. As we know, early diagnosis is key producing long-term effects whenever families and parents are diligent in getting their children help. Throughout the diagnosis process, it is imperative to take every element into account. Considerations such as race, culture, and socioeconomic status may affect the validity and reliability of the test. Although the test can be administered exactly as it should be, there are many different characteristics of the child in their upbringing that can affect the outcome of the results.

As research into autism spectrum disorders has increased over recent years and this has resulted in changes to the way that American psychiatry diagnoses autism spectrum disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is used by clinicians as a guide to diagnoses of mental health illnesses and since its first publication in 1930’s it has been updated every 20 years, and these updates reflect on new research and discoveries.

There are many evidence – based assessment tools that are used when diagnosing children who demonstrate symptoms of ASD. However, this paper will outline two assessment tools used when identifying ASD. One intervention used for assessing children with ASD is called the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R). The second assessment tool is Autism Diagnostic and Observation Schedule (ADOS).

2014). With the recent release of the DSM-V, these have all been combined under one diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and are differentiated through the use of numerical scales to describe severity of effect. Primary diagnostic tests used are the Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Gilliam Asperger’s Disorder Scale (GADS). The Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder is the only checklist or rating scale designed to evaluate children with either low or high functioning autism spectrum disorder. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale or CARS is used because it has the best psychometric support for children with low functioning autism when compared with other autism rating scales. The Gilliam Asperger’s Disorder Scale or GADS is used because it is the only scale for high functioning autistic children in the age range of early childhood to adolescence (Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S., Murray, M., et al. 2009). Through the use of these diagnostic tools to determine the evidence of a PDD and its severity of symptomatic characteristics, a subject can be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and classified into severity of autism.

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects 1 in 68 children (CDC, 2014). It is a wide spectrum ranging from mild to severe. Diagnostic criteria have evolved to 2 main categorical commonalities along the spectrum. According to the DSM-V (APA, 2013), they are deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple settings and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Additional characteristics like lack of or non functional speech patterns

Diagnosing and testing for autism isn’t always a crystal clear path. It is common for autism to be tested and diagnosed in children age three or younger. There is not a medical test as of now to test for autism, instead there are analyses done by psychologists and specialists to test a child’s behavioral patterns and actions. By giving an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), doctors are able to pinpoint spots on a child’s brain “where the left and right hemispheres of the brains of people with ASD do not communicate properly with one another(Diagnosing).” There is also a study to monitor a pregnant woman’s blood, if her previous child has been diagnosed with autism. After the woman has her baby, the blood is still monitored by more blood tests to see if the autistic symptoms appear in the newborn child. By doing this, there is a hope to find a cause and cure for autism, since there is no definite cure as of

The purpose behind the article “Efficacy of Brief Quantitative Measures of Play for Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders” by Rodman et al. (2010) was to use the measures from a study done by Yoder and Stone in 2006 and another study by Yoder in 2006, that had been shown to be associated with communication and language and determine if those measures could be used to validly predict an Autism Spectrum diagnosis. This study was the first of its type, by comparing the performance on these measures of children with ASD to those of typically developing children. In order to make the case of the studies importance the authors provided the readers with several facts. Such as, the need for screening measures that are quick and effective for detecting ASD with young children (Rodman et al., 2010). Other facts like, clinical judgment remaining the gold standard in diagnosing ASD being problematic in its subjectivity. Another was a statistical fact from a study done by Wiggins et al, in 2006 that identified that 24% of 115 eight year old children had not received their diagnosis of ASD until they were of school age, when

The exam that children are given to diagnose autism through behavior asses the child’s communication skills, social interactions, restricted interests and activities, and stereotypical behaviors. The most widely adopted exam for diagnosing autism is the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. This is a form of artificial intelligence. There are also revised versions of this exam that speed up the process but may compromise accuracy.

Mandal described the history of Autism from the first researchers studying Autism Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner. Asperger who described the children as very able while Kanner described the children as severely affected.Eugen Bleuler coined the word "Autism" in 1908 among severely withdrawn schizophrenic patients.In 1943 American child psychiatrist Leo Kanner considered 11 children might have Autism. The children had of difficulty behaving normally in social interactions, difficulty in adapting to changes in routines, good memory, propensity to repeat words of the speaker and difficulties in spontaneous activity and sensitivity to stimuli, resistance and allergies to food and good intellectual potential. While working separately In 1944 Hans Asperger, working, studied a group of children. The children also resembled Kanner's descriptions. The children he studied spoke like grownups and did not have echolalia as a linguistic problem. He also mentioned that many of the children with Autism were clumsy in terms of fine motor skills and this not present in normal children. Next Bruno Bettelheim studied the effect of three therapy sessions with children who he called autistic. Stated the children had a problem due to coldness of their mothers. This lead to hypothesis by Kanner and Bettelheim that showed autistic children had frigid

Diagnose autism has changed substantially since the diagnosis was first introduced nearly 75 years ago. In 1943, Leo Kanner first coined to describe children who seemed socially isolated and withdrawn. In 1966, researchers estimated that about 1 in 2,500 children had autism, according to criteria derived from Kanner’s description. This and other early estimates of prevalence probably focused on children at the severe end of the spectrum and missed those with subtler features. Autism didn’t make its debut in the DSM until 1980. In 1987, a new edition expanded the criteria by allowing a diagnosis even if symptoms became apparent after 30 months of age. To garner a diagnosis, a child needed to meet 8 of 16 criteria, rather than all 6 of the previous

There have been knowledge changes about autism. As a result, techniques which were used to measure conditions’ prevalence have advanced as well. Prevalence studies in the early times were used to examine populations that were considered by standards which were epidemiological such as health districts and simple diagnostic tools that were relative were used. In the modern methods, whole populations screenings in countries and states is dine using diagnostic assessments that are more improved. These methods are highly sensitive when used to indentify individuals which are affected (WebMD,