Lanthanides and Actinides

1-1: Insert the chemical symbol in the answer blank for each of the following elements.

The students created a macroscopic, three-dimensional (3D) model of several properties of the periodic table. They explained in their own words the following terms: atomic radii, ionic radii, first ionization energy, and electronegativity. Lastly, they identified, described, and explained the patterns observed in the 3D periodic tables for the following element properties: atomic radii, ionic radii, first ionization energy, and electronegativity.

Fluorine is an element that reacts with minerals in the earth to create a salt. The salt is often naturally occurring in nature and is found in very small amounts in urban and rural wells. Although it is

Vocabulary: atomic number, atomic radius, Aufbau principle, chemical family, diagonal rule, electron configuration, Hund’s rule, orbital, Pauli exclusion principle, period, shell, spin, subshell

In doing so, the identity of the unknown solutions was determined through comparing the colors of the unknown to that of the known, which were dependent on the varying energy transitions the electrons went through. Therefore, the purpose of the experiment was successfully achieved. Since LiNO3 and Sr(NO3)2 were red/red orange in color, it was determined that lithium ions and strontium ions have the least amount of energy due to the fact that red has the longest wavelength in the spectrum, and colors with longer wavelengths have lower energies. The energy of each the other metallic ions increased in accordance with the energy of the wavelength emitted from that color based on the color spectrum. Potassium had the highest energy emitted, since violet is at the opposite end of the spectrum and has the shortest wavelength and highest

A topic of great importance to all scientists is the identification of compounds, which is relevant in all aspects of their work in some way shape or form. Weather it may be determining what is causing sickness or what is polluting the air, it is very prevalent in the science world. In project 2, identification of cations and anions was preformed through a series of confirmation and elimination tests that ultimately led to identifying an unknown ionic compound made of cations and anions.

chemical element here on our own planet Earth. Though it is a rare, unreactive noble gas,

These two are isoelectronic so the London force should be the same. This is manifested in similar boiling temperatures.

In this lab, students compared the periodic trends of the elements in comparison to the atomic number. A periodic trend is the tendency of certain properties of the elements to increase or decrease as one progresses along a row or column of the periodic table. The periodic table is arranged in such a way that these trends are easy to compare, which is the purpose of this lab. One trend, for example, is between the electronegativity and the atomic number on an element, another being the density. When comparing the trends, notice that electronegativity decreases when going down the groups, or columns, of the period table, whereas the density increases.

The most common fluorine minerals are fluorite, fluorspar and cryolite (Fluorine). Fluorine is also the 13th most common element in the Earth’s crust (Fluorine). There is 950 mg/L of fluorine in the earth’s crust (Periodic). Fluorine is also in seawater. Around 2,400 tons of fluorine gas and 4,700,000 tons of fluorite are produced each year (Periodic). Fluorine production areas are primarily in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Mexico and Italy (Periodic). Fluorine is most commonly combined with sodium to form sodium fluoride (NaF) to put into toothpaste (Periodic). A very interesting fact about fluorine is that it is added to city water supplies in the proportion of about one part per million to help prevent tooth decay (The Element). Hydrofluoric acid is used to etch glass, including most of the glass that is used in light bulbs (The Element). You cannot purchase straight fluorine due to it being highly

Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to find the relative solubilities of some salts of the Alkaline Earths and use that information to find the order which they appear in the periodic table; also use that information to efficiently find an unknown alkaline earth halide. Also to find the relative oxidizing powers of the Halogens given and using that information finding the order of the Halogens in the periodic table; also use that information to efficiently find an unknown Halogen.

To achieve this, the Heaven Lab uses computational chemistry and laser spectroscopy. For computational chemistry, they use ECP (Effective Core Potential) to correct the mass of the electron and the Darwin term for the actinide elements; following the theories of configuration interaction, density functional theory, and active space methods. Also, Thorium oxide (a specific actinide detectable through spectroscopy) has been tested using laser ablation of an actinide rod with Laser induced fluorescence, REMPI, PFI, PFI-ZEKE, and MCP. Ultimately, they have found that computational chemistry and laser spectroscopy are significant tools in identifying bonding properties of

Describe the electron activity. Formed when two atoms fill the outermost shell from sharing electrons

The objective of this experiment is to experimentally investigate which elements show similar chemical properties.

Olmsted, John III; Williams, Greg; Burk, Robert C. Chemistry, 1st Canadian ed.; John Wiley and Sons Ltd: Mississauga, Canada, 2010, pp 399 - 406