Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Research Paper

Postoperative nursing care after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy includes monitoring for complications such as bleeding, making the patient comfortable, and preparing the patient for discharge. Assessment findings for poor wound healing include redness, tenderness, swelling, purulent drainage, pain, and fever. Monitoring white blood cell count is a way to see if there is a presence of a bacterial infection. Maintaining good fluid intake and nutrition promotes fast and good wound healing. The carbon dioxide can irritate the phrenic nerve

Antibiotics will be prescribed to the cat to clear infections or bacterial complications that are causing the gallstones to form. Antibiotics may also be prescribed before surgery in order to prevent infection from occurring after surgery. Ursodeoxycholic acid may be prescribed twice a day in order to dissolve small gallstones that aren't blocking the bile duct. S-Adenosylmethionine, or SAMe, may also be given in order to improve bile production and function of the liver.

You need to seek immediate care when you are experiencing so much pain you can't sit comfortable, skin is turning yellow, whitening of eyes, high fever, and chills. There are different types of gallstones and these types consist of cholesterol gallstones and pigment gallstones. Cholesterol gallstones are the most common type of gallstones. These gallstones contain mostly undissolved cholesterol and are yellow in color. Pigment gallstones are when your bile contain too much bilirubin and are either black or brown in color. The cause of gallstones are not yet completely found but doctors figure they are caused by either your bile containing to much cholesterol, bile containing to much bilirubin, or by your gallbladder not emptying correctly. Doctors can diagnose gallstones in many ways. Either through blood test, MRCP, HIDA scan, endoscopic ultrasound, and ERCP. Treatment for gallstones vary. It depends on how bad they are, and size. Most people get surgery to remove their gallstones because of the pain. There are two diffrent types of surgerys to remove gallstones and they are called Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open

If you have gallstones or an infected gallbladder, your doctor may advise you to have surgery. Gallbladder removal is one of the many surgical procedures that can be done laparoscopically. That means recovery is usually much quicker and the hospital stay is shorter than surgeries that require a full incision. Here's a look at how laparoscopic gallbladder removal is done and what to expect as you recover from it.

The initial plan started with ordering a CBC, CMP, amylase and lipase STAT. These are all standard labs that help to rule out gallbladder pathology as well as our other differential diagnoses. Her vital signs were stable and the physical exam revealed only moderate TTP of the RUQ and epigastric region. The lab results revealed no leukocytosis, no elevation of liver enzymes, bilirubin, amylase, lipase, alk phos or any other signs of cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis or other potential signs of infection. The plan of care began with keeping the patient NPO. This is recommended as this keeps the patient from further pain secondary to food stimulating gallbladder contraction.5 It also allows the patient to be prepared for surgery if urgent cholecystectomy is required. The next step was beginning IV normal saline to keep her well hydrated. After this we began to give her medication through the IV including Zofran for her nausea. Zofran is an effective anti-emetic and there were no contraindications for use in this patient. We also gave her Morphine 2 mg IV for pain control. Opioids are an effective option for a patient with significant biliary colic.6 Although NSAIDS are another option for pain control, PUD was part of the differential diagnosis so NSAIDS were not an appropriate therapy. We ordered an abdominal ultrasound as this is the diagnostic test of choice for cholelithiasis. The ultrasound revealed multiple gallstones in the gallbladder, some mild gallbladder thickening, and some dilatation of the common bile duct. At this point we consulted GI who scheduled the patient for MRCP in the morning in order rule out choledocholithiaisis. We also consulted the surgery team who admitted the patient. The stated they would likely plan for laparoscopic

Unless the dog is experiencing serious or life-threatening symptoms, surgery for gallstones is usually not warranted. There are intravenous drug therapies available for the condition, but there is some controversy among vets over whether these therapies are warranted unless the animal seems to be in danger from the gallstones. Surgery or IV therapy typically requires

The spleen is a blood filled organ located in the upper left abdominal cavity. It is a storage organ for red blood cells and contains many specialized white blood cells called “macrophages” (disease fighting cells) which act to filter blood. The spleen is part of the immune system and also removes old and damaged blood particles from your system. The spleen helps the body identify and kill bacteria. The spleen can affect the platelet count, the red blood cell count and even the white blood count.

The current approaches to surgical management of gallstone ileus are: (1) enterolithotomy, cholecystectomy and fistula repair (single-stage surgery), (2) enterolithotomy with delayed cholecystectomy and fistula closure (two-stage surgery) and (3) simple enterolithotomy (most reported surgical procedure). Proponents of the single-stage procedure cite recurrence and increased risk of developing cholangitis or gallbladder carcinoma as reasons for performing concurrent cholecystectomy and fistula closure [18]. Those who support the two-stage procedure or simple enterolithotomy point to high mortality rates of single-stage procedures and low rates of recurrence and gallbladder carcinoma as reasons

Open gallbladder removal, or open cholecystectomy, is a surgery to remove the gallbladder via it is a large open incision in the abdomen. Doctors perform the procedure to provide permanent relief to a patient that suffers from gallstones and there could be other problems associated with the gallbladder.

Gall bladder ultrasound typically helps in establishing the diagnosis of Cholecystitis. A sonographic Murphy’s sign, (when the ultrasound probes the ultrasound patient will have pain) is a useful diagnostic

Background and aim: Bile duct leak is an infrequent but serious disorder. The great majority occurs after hepatobiliary surgery. Early recognition and adequate multidisciplinary approach is the cornerstone for the optimal final outcomes. Traditionally, surgery has been the gold standard for the management of bile leak, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biliary endoscopic procedures have become the treatment of choice, as simple, noninvasive procedure, with low morbidity and mortality, short hospital stay, and coast effective, with demonstrated results comparable to those achieved with surgery. We aim to evaluate the optimal management of postoperative bile leak.

Although regular exercise can typically help prevent symptoms worsening, the physical exertion can make gallbladder attack worse. So be a picky when it comes to exercise. Walking and biking were best for me, though you need to find out what suits your body better.

This was a great demonstration of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The procedure was clear and easy to understand. Gallbladder removal by laparoscopic is much better than the open method as far as healing time and scarring. In this procedure the incisions are small and should heal up nicely. Surgery by the open method will take longer to heal and will leave a good size scar of at least 6 inches in length.

Cholelithiasis also knows as gallstones occurs in the gallbladder, the function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile. Cholelithiasis occurs when the balance that keeps cholesterol, calcium, bile salts solution is altered. The bile secreted by the liver is supersaturated with cholesterol therefore it come out as a solid. Immobility, pregnancy and inflammation or obstructive lesions of the biliary system decreases bile flow. The stones may stay in the gallbladder or move to the cystic duct or the common bile duct. The main clinical manifestations would be severe pain. The pain can be so severe that is can cause diaphoresis and tachycardia, when the pain slows down the patients may notice a residual tenderness in the right upper

All these patients underwent a reconstructive surgery (5 cases urgently and 18 cases electively), in the form of Roux-en-Y HJ and choledocho-duodenostomy. Drainage of bile collections was initially established percutaneously (2 cases) or surgically (3 cases), to stabilize the patient's condition in cases with removed or slipped drain.