Lashley

This study investigated which areas other than the hippocampus might be involved in memory. Historically, studies show that is the primary brain area involved in storage of memories. However, Wang, Teixeira, Wheeler , and Frankland (2012) predicted that the precision of the older memories is not dependent on the hippocampus.

in developmental psychology. Her research here was focused on rats, she looked at how the development of the brain was related to behavior.

The history of the lobotomy developed over the course of several decades. In 1935, Americans Carlyle Jacobsen and John Fulton reported that surgical damage to the frontal lobes of chimpanzees could decrease aggressive behavior. Upon hearing this, Portuguese neuropsychiatrist Egas

Lashley did very well throughout his career. When Lashley first started pursuing his career he researched brain mechanisms and how they related to sense receptors. Lashley also studied instinct and color vision. Adding on to this work, he began to research a

When speaking about memory, one needs to look at the parts of the brain that are

“John B. Watson was born in Travelers Rest, South Carolina on January 9, 1878 and died in September 25, 1958 at the aged of 80 in New York City, New York.” (http://www.britannica.com/biography/John-B-Watson). He was the fourth child of six children in his family. His family was very poor, but this did not stop him and he entered Furman College at age 16 and graduated in 1899. Then after, he decided to major in psychology in Chicago. As well, Watson took neurology courses from the famous German biologist Jacques Loeb. He obtained a Ph.D.; from the University of Chicago at age 21 in 1903 describing the neurological and psychological development of the white rat. “His dissertation in "Animal Education: An Experimental Study on the Psychical Development of the White Rat, Correlated with the Growth of its Nervous System," described the neurological and psychological development of the white rat and is the first modern scientific book on rat behavior” (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2741879/pdf/behavan00062-0074.pdf)

built on a combined approach of clinical observation and theoretical model proposals. The former was

developed and "feed problems back to the M.I.T. experimenters (Patnoe pg.10)." This circular style of research, using experimentation to test hypothesies, was the first of its kind in psychology and it proved very effective. Lewin worked tirelessly in the laboratory, traveling between the two facilities and in raising funds for his research; so much so that many think that it heavily contributed to his death in 1947 at 56 years old of a heart attack (Patnoe pg.10).

After researching, I found Hermann Ebingnous (1850-1909) from the ecampus of the University of Arizona, Phoenix, his article “The memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology” was published in 1913. Regardless of its antiquity, I was deeply interested exploring his article on “Memory.”

of consciousness. He would go on to write a book on the subject Behaviorism. Watson

Edward L. Thorndike is an American behaviourist .He is one of the earliest researchers who are conducted research on problem solving.His thesis ,Animal Intelligence ; An Experimental Study Of Associative Processes In Animals that be published in 1911 ,had been considered as a major contributions in the psychology field.Based on the result findings from the experiment where he locked cats in closed cage .He concluded that ,the cats ability to escaped from the closed cage is due to trial-and-error learning.This is because ,the cats still took a long time to escaped from the caged despite of their successful escaping from the caged in the earlier trials.Generally,it is safe to claimed

Many of our abilities are innate and that includes memory. Memory is tightly connected with learning, which then can be influenced the individual's behavior in the future. In terms of cognition, the psychologist focuses on the way we process information. The information is brought and understand into the mind in various of ways and is then manipulated by placing into a sensory, short term or long term storage and is recalling and retrieved when necessary. Even so, retrieving memory was no longer the process of picking out an asymmetrical experience from storage, rather than the reconstruction of experience of using the schema as a guide. (Gray 2010)

Memory provides an organism the competence to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Memories make you feel comfortable with familiar people and surroundings, tie your past with your present, and provide a framework for the future. Most people talk about memory as if it is a thing or part of a body, like bad eyes or a good head of hair. But it does not exist as a "thing" that you can touch. It is a concept that refers to the process of remembering. The most difficult problem in discussing memory and one of the mysteries of the brain is neural basis of memory. Earlier many experts described memory as a sort of tiny filing cabinet full of individual memory folders in which information

Looking back at some of the modern theories about memories, they were broken into three categories; encoding, storage, and retrieval. Michelle Miller described these categories in, Teaching Effectively with Technology. He said, “Encoding, meaning the process of turning information into some kind of lasting memory representations for some period of time; storage, meaning maintaining memory representations for some period of time; and retrieval, meaning accessing stored representations, usually so that they can be used to accomplish a task or serve a goal (Miller, 2014). People mainly focus on storage and retrieval today because those are the two things we have recurring problems with. When we learn a new language and cannot remember how to speak it, we blame our ability to store memories. When we walk into a room and forget what we were looking for, we blame our ability to

Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist whose work on animal behaviour and the learning process led to the theory of connectionism. Thorndike graduated from Wesleyan University in 1895. He studied animal behaviour with William James at Harvard University and with James McKeen Cattell at Columbia University, where he received his Ph.D. and where he spent most of his career. He later went on to write his doctoral dissertation while still studying comparative psychology which led to his theory on connectionism which led to the development of his three main laws the Law of Effect, the Law of Exercise, and the Law of Readiness. He also developed a scientific foundation for learning and influenced psychology of that time to shift from