Latane And Darley's Five Theories

Problems resulting from disasters linger for quite some time after the acute phase in a disaster and victims may have issues arise that they were not aware of initially. Community health nurses are often a primary point of contact for many of these situations and must be prepared for various problems. Sometimes, they are called on to simply reassure the victim that they are not alone in the situation and that help will continue to come. When a nurse allows a victim to discuss their concerns, the nurse can quickly expedite referrals to the appropriate area if it is out of their scope of practice. Occasionally, just having the validation and reassurance from a professional instills hope that things will get better soon. In the situation where the

When I lived in Los Angeles during high school, me and my neighbor Brandon would frequently take the Metro train to get to school. While we waited on the platform for the train to come, we would occasionally hear the automated intercom announcement say, “In case of an emergency, do not hesitate to locate the nearest emergency phones or Metro sheriff.” This recurring message was often ignored by not only us. Who seemed to also disregard the monotone voice were other passengers who either were occupied with other things or had earphones in and simply did not hear it. The problem with this is, if an emergency or disaster happened at that moment, how many of us would know the right way to react? If there was a fire, we wouldn’t know how to properly engage in saving ourselves. Unfortunately, the only warning us everyday citizens were given was to call officials. There were no specific instructions on what we could do in case an emergency arises at the train station. In Amanda Ripley’s The Unthinkable, she covers disasters when they happen and how humans that are involved respond to them. Ripley argues that when someone is involved in a disaster, they experience human responses such as being in denial or delaying proper reactions. Because we can not control the brain and our irrational thoughts tend to obscure us, we should raise more awareness of likely disasters and train regular citizens accordingly.

The best part of this technique is when the learner reflects another question back to the class and the teacher. This is a demonstration of the learner processing the information and thinking ahead and probing for more information.

In the journal article “ The Bystander Intervention In Emergencies: Diffusion of Responsibility” by John M. Darley and Bibb Latane performed the study in order to see how individuals the bystanders would react in a serious situation where a victim is being harmed or is in painful situation. The researchers wanted to determine how the bystander(s) fulfilled their responsibility in a conflict with other observers being around the same conflict. The research question of this study is that how do individuals react and respond to a conflict, while being responsible to assit help? The researchers stated the hypothesis as, “ The more bystanders to an emergency, the less likely, or the more slowly, any one bystander will intervene to provide the aid” (Darley & Latane,

In emergency situations people act the way they do depending on how sever they think that the emergency is. For example if the emergency is really tragic then people could do irrational things because they are in shock or panicking. Also people usually panic and only think for their own survival not others in an emergency such as 9/11. People only want to get out of the building and away from the emergency because then they know that they are safe and not in harm’s way anymore. In the article Simplexity by Jeffery Kluger he points out how people can act like water particles in emergency situations.

Though it’s a lesson taught frequently in the education system, the impact of bystander intervention, particularly by people who don’t know those that they are helping, cannot be understated. It’s important to recognize some of the obstacles that prevent bystanders from acting, particularly when they are in a group, and then to overcome that resistance and help those in need. As a society, we have begun normalizing bystander intervention, and it’s imperative that we continue to encourage others to be responsible for intervening on the behalf of others (Source

Any time that the federal agency that responds to disaster events handles such situations there is likely to be a significant loss of life due to the disaster event. This makes a requirement that responders know how to deal with the psychological issues and challenges that are present. It is reported that mental and behavioral health, "in the context of disasters and emergencies, include a wide range of interrelated factors psychological (emotional, cognitive, behavioral), psychological and social that influence people's ability to cope with and recover from extreme situations." (Disaster Mental Health Subcommittee of the National Biodefense Science Board, 2010, p.4) Stated as examples of such issues are those of "fear and anxiety resulting from safety concerns, the death of loved ones, separation from family members and uncertainty as to their fate, and loss of homes and possessions; noncompliance with government directives resulting from loss of confidence in authorities; breakdown in community social

As suggested by Fischer et al.(2011) bystander effect usually no exist when the situation is obviously interpreted as emergency and dangerous. This can be explaining clearly that the observers understand the situation encounter by actor and they need to respond quickly to the situation and this will increase high level of emotional and physiological arousal of observers when acknowledging the situational conditions and take the responsibilities to help actor by showing the empathy.

There’s a lot bad situations that shouldn’t happen and could of been prevented, and people question how is that in their control. Half of any horrible situation could've been prevented with a phone call to authorities or saving someone when they’re hurt and contacting an ambulance. When someone is in need of assistance physically and can’t get help the most common sensed idea is to help them which in humanity should be an instinct. Yet the more bystanders there is the less likely it is that any one of them help.

The table below shows the costs of helping/ not helping in emergencies/ non-emergencies, and the likelihood/ type of intervention, as predicted by the arousal-cost-reward model (based on Piliavin et al, 1969.)

In the event that the individual is to intercede they should first notice the occasion, they must decipher the circumstance as a crisis, and they must conclude that it is their own energy to act. At each of that preparatory steps, the spectator to and crisis can expel themselves from the choice procedure and in this way neglect to offer assistance. They can neglect to see the occasion, neglect to translate the occasion as a crisis, or can neglect to expect the obligation to take action.The Kitty Genovese occurrence spoke to a magnificent turning point ever. Comprehensively, this stipulates individuals are hesitant to mediate and help a man in need, particularly when other individuals are available. The observer impact has pulled in much research consideration. A first point of the present talk was to recognize circumstances in which the observer impact would be well on the way to happen. A second point was to blueprint conceivable activities to decrease this and build selflessness. An audit of the present article uncovered that the observer impact appears to be destined to happen in the accompanying circumstances: when other individuals are available; when individuals are worried that their selfless conduct will be contrarily assessed; when the expenses of interceding exceed expenses identified with not mediating; and when individuals can't relate to a man needing help. Suggestions for

Describe how the media and community could be involved during the four phases of a disaster response. Avoiding panic is listed as a primary goal and relying on leaders that behave in manners that aren’t productive or helpful to any of the citizens of lower class, elderly, or any of the vulnerable residents on how to handle the safety of their families and themselves. Top leaders need to development a plan that will get to the vulnerable residents and aid in their safety. Community and media can work together as one to inform people of the danger ahead and be able to speak to

According to Franzoi, the first step of the bystander intervention model is recognizing there is a problem(Franzoi,2016). According to Franzoi, sometimes the geographic region can play a role in determining if it an emergency(Franzoi,2016). As Franzoi discusses for example some areas of the world you will see a lot of people

Vecchi (2009) states that crisis intervention includes interventions and skills to aid others experiencing a crisis and need help with coping skills. The skills needed include active listening, empathy, and understanding (Vecchi, 2009). Meeting the needs to those in a crisis are similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, meaning safety and security is of highest importance. The basic needs of food and shelter along with freedom of fear are Maslow’s first two basic needs (Simple Psychology, 2007). Natural disasters, such as a hurricane is a prime example of a client experiencing a crisis where they have lost everything and have no idea which way to go next. Furthermore, understanding the client’s view, allowing them to have control of something within the crisis, and enabling the client to accomplish something are also needs that need to be met (Vecchi, 2009). According to Vecchi (2009) these are referred to as recognition, control, and accomplishment needs.

Latane and Darley stated that there are three processes that may interfere with one’s following the five-step intervention model to help an individual in need. The first process is Diffusion of Responsibility. Diffusion of Responsibility is the belief that the more people that are around, the personal