Latent Trajectory Approach

Crime has always been a hot topic in sociology. There are many different reasons for people to commit criminal acts. There is no way to pinpoint the source of crime. I am going to show the relationship between race and crime. More specifically, I will be discussing the higher chances of minorities being involved in the criminal justice system than the majority population, discrimination, racial profiling and the environment criminals live in.

Starting off, this will show a comparison between white and black crimes, based on facts from the website for the Federal Bureau of Investigations. All statistics throughout this research paper, are from 2012, and have been collected from the Federal Bureau of Investigations, Department of Justice, and multiple news organizations. The data collected from these different agencies has been analyzed and put into it’s best format to fit what is being asked in this topic. All sources have been checked out, and found that they are not biased toward any of the races discussed in the article. Some crimes are committed by whites at a higher rate than other races, although these results that have been gathered to complete this paper could show that African

While both sides of this deeply entrenched controversy substantiate meaningful claims, neither of their arguments is exhaustive, although Walker, Spohn, and DeLone’s case is much more convincing. African American arrest statistics are best understood as the convergence of both a somewhat higher incidence of crime as well as racial discrimination in the criminal justice system. Although higher incidence of crime may initially appear to justify higher arrest rates, there is significant evidence demonstrating that not only is African American crime exaggerated by a racially discriminatory criminal justice system (one of the products of which is disparate arrest rates), the greater crime rates in and of themselves are a result of economic inequality.

The article elaborates the racial inequalities of black minorities in the Criminal Justice system. It reflects the difference arrest rate and concludes that the black are more likely to be arrested and sentenced to prison in terms of their White group. Indeed, it also shows the historical facts of high crime and the arrest rate of black minorities or African Americans in the Criminal Justice system. In general, it appears that Blacks represent a greater proportion of arrests for more violent, personal offenses than for property or victimless crimes. Also, it represents that the proportion of arrests for illicit drugs also high for Black group. The article represents that black conviction rate are much higher in comparison to whites.

When reading Robert d. Crutchfield’s, From Slavery to Social Class to Disadvantages, Crutchfield presented his perspective and central points about racial differences and criminal involvement. The first point that Crutchfield presents is that when it comes to race and crime the law enforcement’s thoughts on people of color and Hispanics are disingenuous and misleading. Crutchfield theorizes that, “It is likely that mass incarceration in criminogenic and increases black, brown and differences in criminal behavior. The agencies of the criminal justice system, charged with protecting society from crime, are now a major source of racial differences in criminal involvement” (Crutchfield 36). Statistics

This theory is derived from racial discrimination against blacks combined with the injustices of slavery. Violence and crime appear to be an outward expression of grievances that black offenders feels toward their white victims (D’Alessio & Stolenzberg, 2009). The theory is one of many at the core of interracial crime research much of which is focused on trying to explain black on white crime. Yet despite the “deep seated animosity” felt by blacks towards white people, evidence shows that most crimes tend to be intraracial (D’Alessio & Stolenzberg, 2009). Tures (2014) reports that FBI data on killings in 2011 reveal that 2,640 African Americans were killed that year.

The article "Racial Typification Of Crime and Support For and Punitive Measures" writen by Ted Chiricos , Kelly Welch, and Marc Gertz discusses whether support for harsh punitive policies toward crime is related to the racial typification of crime. According to the authors this relationship is shown to be concentrated among whites who are either less prejudiced, non southerners, conservative and for whom crime prevalence is low. The results taken from the "OLS Reggession" surveyed in 2002 broaden our understanding of the links between racial threat and social control beyond those typically associated with racial composition of place. This relationship also discusses important issuses in what some have termed modern racism and what others have described as the politics of exclusion. The focus of the authors are that " Regardless of the racial composition of neighborhoods, an explicit link between race and crime may be the basis for support of more punitive controls- more arrests, more funding for police, greater use of incarceration, or other punitive measures. That, in effect, is what we are testing here." Their argument is that if evidence supports the hypothesis, a position to broaden understanding of how race, threat and social control interact.

The studies concerning the correlation between race and crime in the United States is a common source for social debate for more than a hundred years. Since a few decades ago, the major focuses of controversy are the causes of high percentages of minorities at various stages of the justice system, such as arrests, prosecutions and incarcerations. For example, prosecutors tend to push for mandatory minimum sentences for Black and Hispanic defendants as twice as much than other races, which leads to more racial data disparities in incarceration rates for these races (Rehavi and Starr, p.11) on the other hand, in the midst of controversy, people disregard the merits of these studies. Likewise, the fine line between racial statistics and racial profiling is often blurred. Thus, a media-inflated event, such as the recent Ferguson Incident, blinds people from seeing the importance of these statistics in their everyday lives. Therefore, most people argue against the use of racial statistics in forensic science. However, even if the argument is that these

For many years’ crime in America has been an ongoing problem with statistics dramatically varying over the past decade (Walker, Spohn & DeLone 2012). American crime statistics show crime is commonly associated with racial aggregation, crimes include: drugs, burglary, larceny, arson and motor vehicle theft, to more violent crimes, such as, rape, robbery, assault and homicide, in which the rate is exceptionally high (Walker, Spohn & DeLone 2012). Further, racial conflict has been an issue in American history for over a century and continues to be an arguable topic (Beckett & Sasson 2014). According to Walker, Spohn and DeLone (2012) it is argued that the American criminal justice system declares they are not racist and that allegations of

Minorities are also affected by the statistics of the Uniform Crime Report. When looking at minority arrests, the composition of the community really affects the numbers used. Overall in the United States the racial compositions for juveniles according to Puzzanchera (2009) showed that 78% of juveniles were white, 16% were black, 5% Asian, and only 1% Native American. These figures can be severely misleading in that Hispanic juveniles are classified as white for these studies. However, using these numbers and the reporting by agencies, violent crimes committed in 2008 were done by 47% white youth, 52% black youth and a mere 1% were committed by Asian youth, leaving the last 1% to have been committed by native American youth. As a result, black youth are more likely to commit violent crimes and be entered into the juvenile justice system.

People let us get real: There is no such thing as Black-On-Black Crime. It is a catch. An oxymoron. Nearly all injured parties of a brutal atrocity are attacked or killed by people they associate with. All races harm and cause violence against one another. Nearly every analysis displays the largest prognosticator of brutality are of the socioeconomic conditions and the corresponding seclusion of the perpetrators’ communities. However, when Caucasian males get violent in movie theaters or school campuses, it is not identified as “Caucasian -on- Caucasian violence” although eighty-four percent of the Caucasian casualties of homicides are murdered by their own race. Although fifty-three percent of gang related killings are done by

This crime can vary from intoxication in public, reckless driving, or the possession of cannabis. Violent crimes, on the other hand, involve all crime that cause much damage to oneself or others. These crimes include murder (homicide), rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. In a 2011 police report, from the KCPD (Kansas City Police Department), there was a total of 110 homicides that consisted of 68% African American males. Out of the same total, the majority of victims were between the ages of 17-34 (Media Unit, 32). Comparing this total to the previous year which had about 102 homicides and in 2009 which had two less (Crime Stats), it is apparent that homicides are decreasing at a steady pace. If one were to look at the overall violent crime that had happened in that 3 year time span, there is no decrease as seen with the homicides. Looking at the amount of crime that occurred in 2009, there was a decrease in the amount of crime but there was an increase of approximately 35.5% in 2011 (Crime Stats). In other words the amount of violent crime that is occurring every year in Kansas City is fluctuating. This fluctuation is happening between 30,000 and 23,000 crimes per year. Looking into the next two years it seemed that the amount of crime would stay well above the 30,000 but that was not the case in 2015. There was a decrease from 31,729 in 2012 to 30,171 in 2013 and finally decreased even further in 2015 to 27,887 crimes (Crime Stats).This means that over those 4 years there was a significant decrease of approx. 12% in violent crime. It may appear that with this decrease in crime there should be no concern for Kansas City’s crime rates but that is not the case. There should still be concern for the amount of crime that is happening in Kansas City. Compared to other cities it still has one of the highest crime rates in the nation. The issue now is not determining if the crime in kansas

Today conflict theory is a significant theoretic custom within the field of sociology. It asserts that certain segments of society benefit excessively from proven economic and social arrangements, which leads them to hire the state 's coercive force in upholding that imbalance. However this conception of disadvantage and power was initially a purely economic viewpoint, ethnic and racial identities have turn out to be an integral share of conflict theory as they are discussed today. It reflects the piece of information that poverty, crime and race are indissolubly connected within American society, and when we look at the bigger picture of imbalance which is an important step to understanding the repressive ends for which the state power may be exerted. We will take a look at this research that takes a look at the study of the relationship between revenue and the number of homicides that are committed by LEOs (law enforcement officers in major US cities between 2000 and 2015, while also taking into consideration the racialized socioeconomic lines which threat is frequently perceived by ascendant groups and converted into increased levels of strong-arm type of social control.

The purpose of this assignment is to investigate the relationship between race and ethnicity then connecting them to crime and victimization. In order to understand why these topics relate to each other, one must understand the history and intention of crime statistics’ creation. In the early 19th century, L.N. Robinson is was the first to analyze crime statistics and explains that their purpose is to acquire a full understanding of the extent of crimes in a given location. The second purpose of crime statistics is to understand, if there is any, shifts or changes in crime waves. For this assignment, the main data source will come from the 2014 UCR, and the 2014 NCVS.

According to a New York Amsterdam News article, Poverty, not race, tied to high crime in urban communities, “The violent crime rate in highly disadvantaged Black areas was 22 per 1,000 residents, not much different from the 20 per 1,000 rate in similar white communities” (Unknown 1997). While there is a slight influx of criminal activity form American majorities to American minorities, the question of why this is so must be asked. The New York Amsterdam News article helps to provide an explanation for the fluctuation. As far back as the 1980’s, researchers have repetitively return to idea and