Latin American Chapter Summaries

Juan Gonzalez argues that the Latino population in the United States continues to grow at an unprecedented rate. Americans have feel high levels or insecurity when it comes to the Latino populations and Gonzalez argues that it is due to the lack of knowledge in addition to the growing anti-immigrant rhetoric that is being created by the Republican party. The transformation of the United States is incredibly massive and by 2050 1 out of 3 will be of Latin American descent and if these numbers continue to grow by 2100 half of the population will be Latino. Juan Gonzales expresses that the central theme of his book is the huge Latino presence in the United States and the role of the United States in Latin America, therefore understanding the Latino presence in the American nation is completely due to the harvest of empire that the United States has create, which is a result of over a century of domination.

The economy of Brazil is in the top ten largest economies along with the United States. It is the biggest in Latin America. Actually it is the seventh largest in the world. Brazil has used its newly found economic mechanism to syndicate its outcome in South America and show more of a role in the Global Businesses. The Obama Administration’s National Security Strategy recognizes Brazil as a developing center of effect, and greets the management of the country’s joint and global issues. The United States and Brazil associations mostly have been good in the recent years. But Brazil has other strengthening relations with neighboring countries and expanding ties with nontraditional partners in the South that’s developing.

This case focuses on Brazil's development strategy since World War II and on the change of the economic model following the debt crisis of the 1980s. At the time of the case Brazilian officials are deciding whether regional integration or globalization offer the best route to economic prosperity and development. This case illustrates the challenges that developing countries face in defining trade policy. It also introduces the role of regional trade blocks as an alternative to globalization. At the current time regionalism seems to be very much in vogue and seems to be much more likely to be the basis for future trade system changes than comprehensive trade treaties.

The process of integration of economies around the world, known as globalisation, has catalysed the development of Brazil as a powerful emerging economy, through the expansion of trade and investment. Emerging countries are defined as those progressing toward becoming more advanced, through rapid growth and industrialisation. Consequently, Brazil’s rapid economic growth has secured its place in BRICS, an association of five major emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

The South America has evolved as the one of the most dynamic region of the world so much development taking place. In 2005 Latin American economies managed to grow at average of 5.5% while inflation is in single digit which shows that it has created the economic prerequisites to deal with the aforementioned problems.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Brazil, a country with an extremely high rate of inflation and low growth, positioned itself as the 7th largest economy of the world and what are the challenges that the country is facing. First of all the Real Plan of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and how it helped the country to stabilize its economy and drop down the inflation rate will be discussed. Secondly how his successor’s policies, Luis Inácio Lula da Silva, improved country’s economy. At the end the challenges that Dilma Vana Rousseff, the current president, is facing

The Latin American countries have been subject to many changes ever since the American continent was discovered. These changes have mainly affected the economy, culture and power changes these countries have suffered throughout the years. According to Jon Charles Chasteen on his book “Born in Blood & Fire” During the twentieth century, there were three main events that changed the course of Latin American countries and their economies. These three events were, the emergence of nationalism, the end of World War II, and the Cuban revolution. However, in my point of view, the event that created more impact in Latin America and the future of these countries has been Cuban Revolution. It is not a secret that the Cuban Revolution created a big impact to the country’s future, unfortunately this revolution not only changed Cuba, but also the entire region of Latin America.

The change of control began to occur rapidly in the 19th century from the shift of power of the crown to Brazilian colonies. Influences of the Enlightenment fueled the restlessness of the Brazilian Portuguese who were looked down upon. This was not new to other nations surrounding Brazil. In Spanish America the creoles (American born Spaniards) faced similar discrimination with distrust from their homeland leading to tensions within the nation. Through these tensions and other factors such as inequality and politics led to revolts and insurrections to accrue leading to the independent of many Spanish American nations. While Brazil had successfully become independent their pathway they 're was different from those nations. Brazil heavily relied on the slave trade and became another empire as opposed to a republic. Through changes of economy such as trade, social structures conflict between the different classes and political aspects of Brazil were unique as opposed to Spanish America. In this essay I will analyze the processes of Independence in Brazil through economic, social class structures and political changes which differentiated the way Brazil formed leading to new empire.

With the increase in industrialization, particularly rail roads and steam boats, Latin America could efficiently export more goods. The installation of railroads and increased trade stabilized the economy of many countries. As long as Europe and the United States required raw materials, the economy would continue to grow. With the economy growing, political stability followed. This is demonstrated in Chasteen’s essay “Governance did become more orderly. As the profits of the export boom rose, government revenues from import/export taxes rose too…Higher government revenues afforded middle-class people new employment opportunities…Greater stability and prosperity attracted further investment from aboard intensifying trade, and the cycle repeated itself” (Chasteen, 207). As more money flowed into the continent, the more the government improved. Using the available revenue from the export boom, local governments could afford better equipment and put down rebellions with less casualties. The government was better able to provide more individuals with employment opportunities, thus stabilizing the politics in the Spanish Americas.

During the late 1800s, Latin America economy developed as the production of goods commenced. Latin American became “reintegrated into the world economy in the years after 1870, thanks to the rise in the demand for Latin America’s raw materials by the rapidly industrializing nations of Europe and the United States.” By the reintegration into the world of economy, Latin America started importing finished goods and exporting raw materials. All this was possible by the technology, capital and markets provided by industrialization nation.

If the books is centered on female characters, why do you, as its reader, think that there are two chapters in the middle of the novel that center attention on the male characters (or at least the titles do)?

Start of the twentieth century it seemed like El Salvador finally establishes a viable government and began building an economy (Background, 2012). Then, the economic crisis of the 1930s occurs and the international markets plummeted and so did El Salvador. Externally, El Salvador was not a huge contender in global markets, but internally the social, political and economic environment in El Salvador was becoming tense and in 1932 the peasant workers in the rural countryside raised up against the land elites (Benavides, 2008). The

As a child develops into an adult there are critical developmental steps that are necessary for a complete and successful transition. The physical transition is the most obvious change, but underneath the thick skin and amongst the complex systems, exists another layer of transitions. Ideas, rationales, ideologies and beliefs all dwell within this layer of each being. It could be said that a nation can also fit this transitional framework. A nation grows in both size (wealth, population, power), and in ideological maturity (emancipation of slaves, civil rights, women’s rights…etc). This constant evolution of ideas and size is the foundation of a successful government. Without change and

The primary question that Brazil faces as it moves into the 21st century is whether the Brazilian style of capitalism, which harnessed their economy towards growth as a developing economy, is sufficient to drive them as a developed country. Averaging 3.8% GDP growth over the last decade, this transition seems inevitable; Brazil has shifted from an agricultural giant to a country in which 90% of the population works in the industrial and service sectors. However, as they make this conversion, they must examine their economic policies to ensure that they are still applicable and advantageous. For example, Brazil must keep promoting their industrial policies. Brazil may fall back into a commodity-driven economy if raw

Around the 1930s, Brazil and Latin American began following the process of Import Substitution Industrialization, which lasted until the end of the 1980s. The ISI policies devaluated the currency in order to boost exports and discourage imports, followed by adopting different exchange rates for goods (Watkins). ISI in Brazil had an interesting effect; it created a three-prong system of governmental, private, and foreign capital being directed at the infrastructure and heavy industry, manufacturing goods, and the production of durable goods. The program worked at first but then became a serious economic problem. When the 1980s came around Brazil realized that ISI policies lead to inefficient industries because of their lack of exposure to