Law 11 Notes

Fraud is defined as the intentional deception or misrepresentation of facts that can result in unauthorized benefit or payment. Abuse is

Having established the purpose of strict liability, it is evident as to why it can be seen as a controversial area in law making and this essay will outline some of the arguments for and against it that are commonly put forward on the effective enforcement of the law and the maintenance of standards.

The issue in this case as it relates to the Kentucky tort of negligence is governed by rules or principles established by the courts. The elements of negligence are a duty the defendant owes to the plaintiff, a breach of that duty by the defendant, a causal connection between the breach and the plaintiff's injury, and actual injury. In the absence of any one of these elements, no cause of action for negligence will lie.

shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, Suit in equity, or other proper

Negligence is when somebody has a duty of care and that duty is breached. Negligence is split into 3 parts.

12. Which of the following torts committed by an agent is the liability of the principal?

For purposes of the Statement, fraud is an intentional act that results in a material

This is a requirement that a person acts towards others and the public with the watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would use. If a person 's actions do not meet this standard of care, then their actions may be considered negligent, and any damages resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for negligence. Professional workers owe a specific duty of care to all vulnerable people with whom they work. The standard of conduct and behaviour expected of people in their professional role is higher than for other people because of the professional training they have received and the level of responsibility they assume.

The four D’s of negligence are duty, dereliction of duty, direct or proximate cause, and

In most courts, if the defendant violates the statutory provisions of duty of care, the violation of laws and regulations will be considered negligence just as a car ran a red light is a violation of traffic rules. If a statute does not specify the duty of care, the court may determine relevant duty of care implicitly established in the legislature through the judicial interpretation. At the same time, even if a statute does not expressly or impliedly reflect legislative intent of the standard of care with certainty, the court can still invoke the provisions of the law to determine the standard of conduct of a reasonable person.

Business Law-Law Business and Society states that torts are, “civil wrongs not arising from contracts.”(McAdams. P. 278) Torts involve a breach of duty resulting in loss and or injury. Negligence is defined as, “situations in which harm is caused accidently, and no intent is present.” (McAdams. p.279)

Before 1932 there was no generalised duty of care in negligence. The tort did exist and was applied in particular situations where the courts had decided that a duty should be owed, eg, road accidents, bailments or dangerous goods. In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, Lord Atkin attempted to lay down a general principle which would cover all the circumstances where the courts had already held that there could be liability for negligence. He said:

The main idea of the law of negligence is to ensure that people exercise reasonable care when they act by measuring the potential harm that may foreseeably cause harm to other people. Negligence is the principal trigger for liability to ascend in matters that deal with the loss of property of personal injury. Therefore, a person cannot be liable for something unless they have been found negligent or have contributed to the loss of property or injury to the plaintiff (Stuhmcke, 2005). There is more to

Fraud is defined as a deliberate misrepresentation that causes a person or business to suffer damages, often in the form of monetary losses through deception or concealment. And Occupational Fraud as defined by the ACFE is the use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization’s resources or assets. Traditional fraud triangle theory by Donald Cressey explains that propensity of fraud occurring in an organization lies on three critical elements which are Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization.

Despite the general principle excluding liability for omissions, liability may arise in certain exceptional circumstances. Although these situations where a duty may arise on the basis of an omission are difficult to classify, what is usually required in all of them is some element of proximity. This may be created in a number of situations which will now be looked at. In addition, in such cases, the factors for establishing a duty of care (forseeability, proximity, fair, just and reasonable) laid down in Caparo will also need to be looked at.